VOL. 46 ISSUE NO. 3 OCTOBER – DECEMBER, 2003, AIZAWL

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1. Editorial …………………………………………..………………………..…….. 2

2. Lawmthu sawina …………………………….……………………….…....…. 3

- President, AMFU Branch, Hortoki.

3. Pa Taima huang .………………………………………………….….…….…. 4

- Lalronghaka, vaimim ching hlawhtling kawmna

4. Thlai venhim dan …………………………………………………..……...…. 6

- James Lalsiamliana, APPO, Dte. of Agri.

5. Zokhaw nu leh kut hnathawh ……………………………….……..…. 15

- Rebecca Lalmuanpuii,

B.Sc(Agri.); M.Sc(Forestry).

6. Organic Manures siam dan …..……………………….……….…….…. 18

- R. Zoramthanga, AAIO, Dte. of Agri.

7. Tui khawl leh renchem thiam a ]ul takzet ta ..…….……..……. 23

- P.S. Laltlansanga, III yr. B.A,

Hrangbana College.

8. Rannung buh eichhetuten an eichhiat

dan leh a ven dan ……….………………………….………….…….…….… 26

- Tlangtimawia Zote, AEO

State Bio-Fertilizer Production Unit, Neihbawi.

9. Broad Bean (Vicia Faba L.) ............................................................. 29

- Judy K. Lalrinsangi, M.Sc(Agron) Dte. of Agri.

10. Eng nge kan chin ang …………………………………………….………… 32

- Changkima, Progressive Farmer, Zawlpui.

11. Nipui laia purun chin dan …..……………………………….…...……… 33

- Lalrinsangi, B.Sc.(Agri.); M.Sc. (Forestry),

Dte. of Agri.

12. Indegenous Soil and Water Conservation

practices and agronomic Measures for

Land Resource Development ………………………………………….. 36

- Shri. K. KAR, Kulikawn, Aizawl

13. KEIMAHNI …........................................................................................ 42

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

Editor

Dr. O. P. Singh

Director of Agriculture

(Drop Husbandry

& Minor Irrigation)

Joint Editors

H. Thankhuma

Dy. Director of Agriculture

(Extension)

R. Zoramthanga

AAIO

Directorate of Agriculture

Cir. Manager

Laldinpuii

S.D.A.E

Zoram Loneitu-a

thu chhuah duh nei

emaw, lehkha thawn

duh emaw chuan a

hnuaia Address-ah

thawn tur a ni.

Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

P.O. Box – 098

Dte. of Agriculture,

Mizoram : Aizawl.

Pin - 796001

CONTENTS

EDITORIAL

________________________________________________________________

A hmasain Zoram Loneitu chhiartu zawng zawngte leh kut hnathawktute Kumthar

(2004) chibai Editorial Board-in kan buk a che u.

Khawvel thil leh Pathian thua

pawimawh em em mai chu ‘rinawmna’ hi a

ni tih kan hre tlang hle awm e.

Amaherawhchu, thil ]ha a ni tih hre reng

chung siin kan rinawm lo fo ]hin niin a lang

a.

Nitina kan hnathawhna hmunah te,

kan inchhung khurah te, ram leh hnam leh

Kohhran etc. ho ah te hian ringtu kan nih

angin rinawmna hi kan dah lal ber fo em?

tih hi zawhna lian tak leh pawimawh tak

mai a ni a. A chhan chu ringtu hlang awmna

nia inchhalte hi ringlotute'n min hmuh dan

han ngaihtuahin, khawvel thil tak pawhin

anmahni aia ]ha bika min hmuh loh thu an

sawi hriat tur a awm ]hin vang te, keimahni

(Mizo Kristiante) ngei pawhin mahni

rinawm lohna hre duh hauh si lova,

midangte rinawm lohna hmu thei viau te,

mahni rinawm lohna haider tlat te kan tam

em vang kan ti thei bawk ang a.

Ringtu hmasa Smurna khua Kohhran

te hnena Pathian thuchah ‘Thih thlengin

Rinawmin lo awm rawh, tichuan Nunna

Lallukhum ka pe ang che’ (Thup. 2:10)

kan hmuh hi a pawimawh em em a, kan

hnathawhna, kan thil tihna kawng

tinrengah nun chhuahpui tum ila,

changvawnah nei nghet tlat ila. Midangte en

lovin ‘KEI HI’ ka rinawm em? tih hi kan

thupui lo ni thar ]heuh sela.

Pathian a rinawm a, chu rinawmna

chu kan rinawmna tur a ni tih hriain,

rinawmna hi ngaisang viau vek ila. Pathian

thu zawm ringtu, mi rinawm kan lo ni ang a.

Rinawm taka hna kan thawh chuan, kan lo

changkang chho zel ang a, kan lo intodelh

ang a; kan ram a lo zahawm dawn a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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ALL MIZORAM FARMERS UNION (AMFU)

Branch : Hortoki, Mizoram.

To,

The Director of Agriculture

Government of Mizoram,

Subject : Lawmthu sawina

Ka pu,

AMFU Branch Hortoki hmingin chibai ka buk a che.

Tichuan ka pu, Dt 17

th

July ’03 khan i staff J. Lalsiamliana leh a staff/a

team ten kan buh kuangbai, kumthu, etc. in a tihchhiat a hmuna rawn endikin a thlawnin

Sprayer leh damdawi ]hahnem tawk tak min rawn pe a, kan lawm hle a ni.

Kan harsatnate min hriatthiampui a, min ]anpuitu Department of

Agriculture, Govt. of Mizoram leh kan sawrkar chungah AMFU Branch Hortoki hmining

lawmthu ka han sawi nawn leh a ni e.

Copy to : M.L.A., Kawnpui Constituency

Govt. of Mizoram, Aizawl.

I rintlak,

Sd/-

(LALRAMZAUVA NGENTE)

President

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

PA TAIMA HUANG

PU LALRONGHAKA,

VAIMIM CHING HLAWHTLING KAWMNA

Pu Ronghaka, S/o Tawna, Khawruhlian khua hian Khawruhlian a]anga Aizawl kawng

Km. 13 a hlaah ram ]ha tak neiin, thlai chi hrang hrang chingin a enkawl mek a. A vaimim

chin chungchangah amah i lo kawm teh ang.

(Z=Zawhna, Rova=Pu Ronghaka)

Z : Chibai Pu Nghak, i hnathawh dan

chungchangah han kawm chian che kan duh

khawp mai a, hun min siamsak thei angem?

Rova : Chibai le, ka hnathawh dante chu ka

thil sawi nuam tih ber a ni ang chu le! I duh

ang ang min han zawt la, ka theih angin ka lo

chhang dawn che nia.

Z : Vaimim hi uar takin i ching ]hin niin kan

lo hria a, engtik a]ang khan nge vaimim hi

tam thama i chin? Eng atana ching nge i nih?

Rova : Kum 2000 AD a]ang khan tam tham

deuh chuan ka ching ]an a, hralh sum atana

ching ka ni ber mai e.

Z : Engvanga Buh leh thlai dang ching lova

vaimim ching ta chiam nge i nih le?

Rova : Vaimim char hi Sorkarin ran chaw

atan a lei duh a, buh aiin a chin a lo

awlsamin a thar hun chhungte a lo rei lova,

thildang chin aiin a awlsamin a hlawk zawk

nia kan hriat vanga ching kan ni ber awm e.

Thlai dang dang chu kan huanah hian kan

ching tho a, buh chin aiah vaimim kan ching

ta zawk a ni.

Z : Nikum khan engzatnge i chin a,

engzatnge i thar? Tu hnenah nge i hralh a,

engzat rate-in nge i hralh?

Rova : Nikum 2002 khan Kg 10(sawm) ka

ching a, Quintal 15(sawm panga) ka thar a.

PIGFED-in Kg-ah Rs. 5.50 in a hmun kawng-

kamah min rawn leisak a ni.

Z : Kuminah pawh tam zawk chingin i seng

zo leh vek tawh niin kan lo hria a, Engzatnge

i chin a, engzatnge i thar chhuah?

Rova : Kumin 2003 hian Kg. 25 ka ching a, a

ro ]hiauin Quintal 40 (sawmli) ka thar a,

PIGFED bawkin September thla tawp khan

Kg-ah Rs. 5.50 in an rawn la leh der tawh.

Z : Kg. 25 chu engtia zauah nge i chin?

Rova : Tin 2 (1 Ha) hmun velah a ni ange.

Z : Vaimim chi hi khawi ami nge i chin? A ]ha

bawkin i hria em?

Rova : Agriculture Department a]anga ka

lak a ni a, a ]ha viauin ka hria. Anmahni min

hrilhfiah danin a kawm te mahse a fang a

lianin a hlawk a, han nuaithlakin a fafu a te

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

rat mai a, a kawm te deuh te pawh a hlawk

tho a ni.

Z : I tha sen leh i sum lakluhte i chhutin

hlawkin i inhria em?

Rova : Vaimim chin hun chhung hi thla 4

bawr vel a ni a (May-Sept.). A vah, a hal leh a

tuh bakah vawi khat chauh thlawhin a

puitling mai a, a sengna leh a vuak nan tha a

lo ngai leh hlek bawk a, tha sen a tam lem lo.

Ka sum lakluh hian buh lei dawn ta ila phur

100 chuang ka lei thei dawn a lo ni a, hlawk

ve thawkhatah chuan ka inngai. Ka vaimim

hmunah hian hmarcha ka theh vek avang leh

a seng nawmna atan vawihnih chu lo thlo

chhuak ila duhthusam chu a lo ni. Tunah

hian vaimim sengna hmuna hmarcha leh

thingfanghma te enkawlin kan thlo fai leh

mek a ni.

Z : I vaimim hmunah hian tute nge hna

thawk che u? Hlawhfate i ruai em?

Rova : Hlawhfa ka ruai lova, ka fate pahnih

nen kan thawk a ni.

Z : Vety Department hian Kg-ah Rs. 7/- in an

lei duh reng an ti a, engvangin nge man man

zawka i zu hralh ve mai loh?

Rova : Vety hian Tanhrilah Kg-ah Rs. 7/-

chuan an lei duh ngei mai a, mahse, ro ]ha

tak (12% moisture) a ngai an ti a. An duh

ang a lo nih loh chuan keini Zopa tan chuan

buaina zakhua a nimai a. Chuvangin Rs. 5.50

a a hmuna min laksak hi kan tan a buangbar

thlak loh berah ka ngai.

Z : Nakkum lamah te Vaimim hi chin i la tum

ang em?

Rova : Nakkum 2004 pawh hian uar zawka

chin leh ka tum.

Z : Eng harsatnate nge i neih?

Rova : Vaimim chin kawngah chuan

harsatna ka nei hran lo. Pigfed-in Rs. 5.50 a

an lak theih chhung chuan harsatna awm lo

turah ka ngai.

Z : Sorkar Department lam a]angin rawn

phurpuitu leh ngaihventu che an awm em?

Thurawnte i dawng em?

Rova : Agriculture Department hian min

ngaihvenin min phurpui hle a, min bialtu

SDAO pawh min enpuiin a hmunah vawi 3

ngawt a rawn kal a, seng tawhsa khuh hulna

turin Silpoulin-te min pe a, Bialtu DAO leh a

thawhpuite pawn min phurpui hle a,

thurawn ]ha tak tak ka dawng reng bawk.

An chungah ka lawm hle a ni.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

THLAI VENHIM DAN

(Integrated Pest Management)

James Lalsiamliana

A.P.P.O

Directorate of Agriculture.

 Hmin hring eitu rannung – ‘Thlai tichhetu’

 1940 bawrah DDT etc. hman ]an

 Mihring leh leilung tana pawi thei tur/Damdawi tam tak khap leh hman tlem

 Tur hman tlem – Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

 IPM hmanraw hrang hrangte-

- Thal laiin leh lehphut tur

- Thlai chi hrisel leh fai hman tur

- Terrace leh Leiletah a khat tawka tui khung

- Thlai mamawh tawk tui leh lei]ha pek

- Huan/Lo vawn fai

- Thlai chi kûi

- Thlai chin thlak kual

- Thlai hrisello then fai

- Thlai sengna hun then/hal fai

- Kut hmanga rannung vai

- Thim hlima Lo/Huan sira meichheh

- Rannung ]angkai zuah e.g. Maimawm, Khuai, Daidep, Tuia cheng

rannung tam tak, Mawngchep, Saihmarthur, etc.

- Khawidang Trichogramma japonicum Lo a chhuah

- Thlai chi, Damdawi hmanga sawngbawl

- Loh thei lohah, rannung/natna puang thut etc. a nih chuan, mithiamte

rawn Chungin Tûr hman tur

- Thlai seng dawn hnaihah Tûr hman loh tur.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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RANNUNG LEH NATNA LAKA BUH LEH THLAI DANGTE VENHIM DAN

(Integrated Pest Management in Rice and other Major Crops)

A. BUH/PADDY

Buh tichhetu rannungte:

Buh tichhetu rannungte hi hlawm lian tak tak 5-ah an ]hen theih a. Chungte chuan buh an

tichhiat dante lo thlir hmasa ila.

1. Buh hnah eichhetute (Defoliators)-

Buh hnah eichhetute hi chi hrang hrang an

awm a, chungte chu - Pangang te,

Keltelaimawm te leh khau te an ni. Heng ho

zingah hian pangang hian buhah chhiatna an

thlen nasa em em a ni.

Buh hnah eitu pangang hi chi hrang 10

chuang an awm a, chung zingah chuan buh

hnah khawrtu (Leaffolders) te, buh hnah

zialtu (caseworm) te leh buh kung rawttu

(cutworm leh armyworm) te hi a lar zualte

an ni a. Heng pangang te hian buh hnah an

bei berin buh hnah khawrtu hian buh hnah

chu a tlang ve ve pawt khawmin a rilin a ]hui

a, chutah a chhunga chengin buh hnah hring

chu a khel rang ]hin a. Buh hnah zialtu hian

buh hnah chu tawitea zialin a chhungah a

khawsa a, buh hnah a zial chu vah puiin chen

nan a hmang ]hin. Buh rawttute hi chu a

huhovin an khawsa ber a, buh chu a hnah

emaw, a vui emaw, a kung emaw te chu

rawtin an ei ]hin a ni. Buh chu an rawt

chhum loh pawhin an ei filh ]huau ]hin.

Heng pangang te hi a puitling chu

phengphehlep te reuh te te, lungphur

thlahtu kan tihte hi an ni.

Buh Keltelaimawm hi chi hrang 3 lai an

awm a. Rannung dum rin ren, buhfang tia

lek an ni a. Heng zinga a chimawm ber chu

Rice hispa an tih, a thlaa hling nei a ni. Buh

hnah hring chu an khel rang ruai ]hin a,

sarang ang maiin buh hnah chu a awm ]hin a

ni. A tui hi buh hnah hamdaah chuan

phumin a rawn keu hian buh hnah chu a

hreuh ]hin a (leafminer); chutah a ravm

puitlin in buh hnah hring chu a khel zui ]hin

a ni.

Khau chi hrang hrang hian buh an bei

ve ]hin a, a huhoa che tla chi ho hi locust an

ti. Khau ho hian vaimim leh faisa te, changel

leh mau hnahte hi an duh hle bawk a ni.

Khuangbai hi an chimawm zualin, buh hmui

hi an duh bik a, buh hnah an rawt mai bakah

buhvui ]antir hi an seh hawng a, a chhunga

mi an ei fai vek ]hin.

2. Buh kung nget (Stem borers)- chi

hrang hrang an awm a, an thawh dan erawh

chu a inang tlangpui a ni. A puitling chu

lungphur thlahtu kan tih mai, phengphehlep

te tak te te hi an ni a. Buh hnahah chuan

tuiin, a lo keu chuan pangangah a lo chang a,

buh zikah lut thlain a kung lairil a eichhe

]hin a ni. Chumi hnuah buh kung

kawrawngah chuan buhchiuma changin a

rawn puitling chhova, a thlawk chhuak leh

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

]hin. Hetia buhkung lairil an eichhiat avang

hian buh zik chu a rawn ro a, awlsam takin a

pawh dawh theih ]hin a ni. Gall midge

pawhin buh peng chu hreuhin an ker chhe

]hin.

3. Buh hrik (Leaf & Plant hoppers and

aphids)- Buh hrik te hi rannung te reuh te

te, perh kat nalh nalh thei, thereng te reuh te

ang tak, (leaf and plant hoppers) an ni a.

Buhfang ai maha te an ni. A hringte, a ukte, a

varte, a dum leh vara ]ialte an ni. Hmui zum

tak an neiin chu chuan buh peng hrang

hrang a]angin a tuihnang an dawt ]hin. Hei

vang hian buh hi a ro ]hawt ]hawt thei a ni.

Thosiin mihringa malaria hrik an pudarh

ang hian thlaiah virus natna an pudarh thei a

ni. Buh hrik chikhat, hrikhru ang tak

(aphids) hian buh kung bulah te

bawrkhawmin buh kung tuihnang an dawt

ve bawk ]hin.

4. Buh vui dawt/zuktu (Grainsucking

pests)- Thlangdar sei zit zet, a hringuk

lampang (rice bugs) te hian buh vui ]antir, a

la sakhal hma hian buh vui chu an zukin a

tuihnang an dawt a, buhfang dep/buhsi leh

buhfang phel/pumlo tam tak a awm phah

]hin a ni. Chhunah chuan buh hnah

hnuaiahte an tawm bo daih ]hin a, rannung

te tak te an nih avang hian hmuh fuh har tak

an ni. Thlangdar chi khat, rice bugs aia te leh

tawi zawk, stink bugs an tih hi a awm bawk

a. Heng ho pawh hian buh vui ]antir chu an

zuk ve ]hin a ni.

5. Buh zung tichhetu (Soil Pests)- Buh

zung hi tlumpi (termites) te, vual (white

gubs) te, perhpawng chi khat (mole

cricket)te hian an eichhe ve ]hin a. Hetia an

ei avang hian buh kung chu an fere-in an thi

]hin a ni. Vual puitling hi sephung dum rin

ren a ni. Tin, buh hrik/kumthu (root aphids)

in buh zung hi an bei bawk ]hin a. Tlangram

buh hmunah an awm ]hinin, buh an beih

zungah chuan an bet tuar a, a tuihnang an

dawt ]hin a ni. Fanghmir ]henkhatin buh chi

tuh hlim an pu bovin an bukah an chhek

khawm bawk ]hin.

Buh natna lar zualte:

1. Blast - Buh phun sawn hlimah te, a pen

lai te leh a vui insiam dawn lai velin he natna

hi a rawn lang ]hin a. Buh hnahah chuan

Kaihbu ang tak, a sir tawn zum vatin a rawn

val thluah ]hin a, buh hnah chu a rawn ro ta

]hin a ni. Tin, buh chang leh a vui chawitute

pawh rawn lawng kualin awl takin a tliak

mai ]hin a ni. A fang insiam hmaa hemi

natna a rawn lan chuan a vui a chhuah ]ha

thei lo a ni.

2. Brown spot - Buh peng hrang hrangah

hemi natna hi rawn langin a rawn val thluah

]hin. Hemi val hi bial deuh a]anga sawl

deuhin a rawn awm ]hin. Hemi val hi rawng

eng deuhin a kah hual ]hin.

3. Bacterial leaf blight - Buh hnahah

chuan a dung zui zawngin a rawn rang ruak

ruak ]hin a, buh vui insiam ]an laiin hemi

natna hi a zual ]hin.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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4. Sheath blight – Buh kung chu tui

chimchinah a rawn lawng kual a, hei hi darh

zau zelin buh kung chu a rawn ]awih a, a

hnah te pawh awlsam takin a pawh dawh

theih ]hin a ni. Buhfang chu a si vek ]hin.

5. Tungro virus - Buh ]han a thu a, a

peng a tlem ]hin. Buh hnah chu a vial a, a

inherh deuh bawk ]hin a. A hnah upa lam

chu a chhip a]angin a engdalin a rawn

inthlak ]hin. Green leaf hopper-in he natna

hi a pu darh ]hin a ni.

RANNUNG LEH NATNA LAKA

BUH VENHIM DAN

1. Cultural and Agronomical practice:-

- Buh kan sengin leiseh chinah buh kung

chu tan chhum tur a ni. Hei hian buh kan

seng hnua rannung tui leh natna hri

chambangte a ti ziaawm thei dawn a ni.

- Leilet chu ]hal laiin hneh deuha

lehphut ni sela. Lei chhungrila rannung leh

natna hrite nisaah an inpho thi thei dawn a

ni.

- Buh chi hrisel hman hram tum tur a ni.

Kan buh chite chu nisaah ]ha taka pho tur a

ni.

- Buh chi chu damdawia sawngbawl a

]angkai a. Buh natna laka veng turin Captan

emaw, Dithane M-45 emaw, Bavistin emaw

(2-3 gram, a chi kg khat zel atan) a chi nen

nuaipawlh tur a ni a. Tin, rannung laka veng

turin Tricel (Chlorpyriphos) tuiah buh ]iak

phun sawn tur chu chiah tur a ni. (2 ml leh

tui litre khat). Hetia a chi sawngbawl hian

buh ]iak hlim/phun sawn hlimte chu natna

leh rannung lakah thlahnih chhung a veng

thei a ni. Tin, hetia buh chi kan sawngbawl

hian rannung ]angkai, buh hmuna awmte

kan venghim thei dawn a ni.

- Hlo fai taka then a ]ha a, tin, buhbi kar

pawh mumal tak a ]ha a ni.

- Tui leh lei]ha an mamawh tawk pek

tur.

- Buh seng hnu leilet a awl laiin emaw

buh nena chin pawlh atan Tel an]am emaw,

niger emaw behliang emaw chin hian

rannung ]angkai a tihpun phah thei a ni.

2. Mechanical practices :-

- Buh hnaha rannung tui leh pangang/

rannung te vai tur a ni.

- Buh kung hrisello, natna veite chu then

tur a ni.

- Buh kûi]tiah chu a hnah hmawr hleh/

]huai tur a ni.

- Buh hmuna hrui thluna buh hnah hruta

tih chetin buh hnah khawrtu leh zialtute chu

tih tlak ]hin tur a ni.

3. Biological practices:-

- Buh hmuna rannung tam takte hi

rannung ]angkai an niin buh eichhetu

rannungte an lo vai ve ]hin a. Heng rannung

te hi tihhlum loh hram hram tur an ni. Chung

rannungte chu maimawm chi hrang hrang

te, daidep te, tuia cheng ]hin rannung chi

hrang hrang te, Keltelaimawm/sephung

]henkhat (an hnungzanga val 6 leh 10 nei)

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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te, khuai te, mawngchep te, khau (an taksa

let hniha sei ki nei) te leh rannung ]henkhat

mit lawnga hmuh hleih theih lohte an ni.

- Buh eichhetu pangang tam tak vai turin

Trichogramma japonicum, buh lununah

chuan chhuah ]hin tur a ni.

4. Chemical Control:-

- Rannung ]angkai tam tak buh hmunah

hian an awm ve avang hian tur hi chu a loh

theih lohah chauh hman tur a ni.

Rannung : Rannung thahna tûrte hian hna

an thawk chakin rei lote chhungin

rannungte hi an theh mai theih a. Tin,

rannung puang thut lakah te hian an ]angkai

em em a ni.

- Buh zung thlak ]antir, kûi tur chu Tricel

emaw, Dursban emaw (Chlomyripos) tuia

chiah tur a ni.

- Carbofuran emaw, monocrotophos

(Nuvacron) emaw hmangin gall midges te,

stem borers te leh thrips te ven tur a ni.

Carbofuran (Furadon 3G) hi buh kûina

hmunah chuan theh mai tur a ni a. Tin,

Nuvaron hi 2 ml/litre of water hisapin buh

]iak chu kah tur a ni.

- Buh phun sawn tur chu Tricel/

Dursban tuia chiah hian buh tichhetu

rannung tam tak a veng thei a ni. 2 ml leh tui

litre khat hisapah buh zung chu zankhuain

(12 hrs.) chiaha chutah phun sawn a ni a.

Tin, hemi rannung thahna tuia Urea tlem

pawlh hian darkar 4 lek chiah a tawk thei

tho a ni. Hetia sawngbawl hian buh chu

phun sawn a]anga thla hnih thleng buh kung

ngêt lakah hian an him thei a ni.

- Carbofuran (Furadon 3G) hi buh

phunna leilet biala theh hian rannung tam

tak lakah

buh a ven theih a ni.

- Buh tichhetu rannungte chu an tam dan

a zirin damdawi/tûr hi hman tur a ni a.

Hengte hi buh hmun atana hman turte an

ni:-

- Endosulfan (Endocel, Endotaf),

Monocrotophos (Balwan, Bilphos,

Nuvacron), Malathion, Metasystox, Carbaryl

(Sevin, Taffin), Chlorpyriphos (dursban,

Tricel), Carbofuran (Furadon, Difuron),

Neem (Multineem, Econeem) Dichlorvos

(Nuvan, Divap - 100) etc.

Buh natna:-

Blast natna laka buh veng turin

carbendazim (Bavistin) emaw, Tricyclazole

(Beam 75 W P) emawin buh chi chu nuai tur

a ni. Damdawi hi 2-4 gram leh buh chi kg

khat inpawlh a tawk.

Buha blast natna a rawn lan chuan

Mancozeb (Dithane M-45/Indofil M-45)

emaw, ediphenphos (Hinosan) emaw,

Carbendazim (Bavistin) emaw, 2 gram leh

tui litre khat chawhpawlha buh chu kah tur

a ni a, Tin, nitrogen (Urea) pek tlem tur.

Bacterial leaf blight a awm chuan

nitrogen (urea) pek tlem tur a ni a. Tin,

bawngek tuiin kah tur a ni.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

Sheath blight natna laka buh veng

turin Carbendazim (Bavistin) gram 2 leh tui

litre khat chawhpawlha kah tur a ni.

Tungro natna buhin a vei chuan buh

kung hrisello chu halral a, nirogen (urea) a

bula buh kungte chu pek tur a ni a, tin,

carbofuran (Furadon) theh emaw, Nuvacron

emawa kah tur a ni. Hei hi hemi natna

pudarhtu rannung thah nan a ni.

Brown spot natna a awm chuan

Mancozeb, 3 gram/litre water-a kah tur a ni.

B. VAIMIM/MAIZE

1 Cultural practices:-

}hal laiin lei chu hneh deuha lehphut

nise. Leichhunga rannung leh natna hri

tawmte nisaah an inpho hlum dawn a ni.

Vaimim chu a par ]an chhoh a]angin tui

pek uluk hian a kung lawng/]awih natna

(stalk rot) lakah an him.

A chi tuh a]anga chawlhkar 2-3 leh

chawlhkar 6 naah thlawhfai ]hat tur a ni.

- A bi inhnaih luttuka tuh loh tur.

- Lei]ha a mamawh tawk pek ]hin tur.

- Tui tling theiloa siam tur a ni.

2. Mechanical practices :-

- Thlai hrisello chu paih ]hin a ni.

- Rannung/Pangang te chu vaia thah tur

a ni.

3. Biological control :

- Trichodenna@ 4 gram leh a chi kg khat

nuaipawlh hian leilunga natna hri lakah a

ven theih.

- Trichogramma chhuah hian a kung

nget lakah a ]ha.

4. Chemical control:-

- Rannung leh natnain vaimim chu a

bawm dan a zirin damdawi/tûr hi hman tur

a ni. Vaimim hmunah chuan heng

damdawi/tûr te hi hman tur a ni.

Rannung thahna - Endosulfan (Endocel,

Endotaf), Monocrotophos (Balwan, Bilphos,

Nuvacron), Malathion, Carbofuran (Furadon

3G, Difuron 3G), Metasystox.

Thlai natna damdawi - Carbendazim

(Bavistin, Akozim), Mancozeb (Indofil M-45,

Dithane M-45), Metalaxyl (Apron, Asalt,

Ridomil MZ), Thiram (Agrorum, Furam).

C. KAWMNEI THLAI/PULSES

1. Cultural practices:-

- }hal laiin lei chu uluk taka lehphut tur

a ni a, tin, a hma lama thlai kung seng

tawhna la ding te chu thenfai tur a ni.

- Thlai rulhut (nematodes) awmna

hmunah chuan bawngek lei]ha (FYM) ]awih

]ha tak emaw Neemcake emaw @500 kg/ha

theh tur a ni.

- Kawmnei thlai nilo, thlai dang nena

chin thlak (crop rotation) hian leilunga

natna hri awm tam tak, (thlai kung leh a

zung ti ]awih ]hin) lakah thlaite chu an him

thei a ni.

- Fur tui tlak hmain a chi thlak loh tur a

ni.

- Thlai a par a]ang phei chuan lo/huan

chu fai taka enkawl tur a ni.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

- Thlai chiin a ken natna hri ven nan

Thiram emaw, Carbendazim emawin thlai

chi chu nuaipawl tur a ni.

- Thlai chi chu Rhizobium nena

nuaipawlh hi kawmnei thlai hian an ngeih

em em a ni.

2. Mechanical practices:-

- Pangang leh rannung dangte chu vai a

tihhlum tur a ni.

- Lo/huan hmuna zana mei chheh hian

rannung tam tak an inrawhhlum thei a ni.

- Thlai hrisello chu lawr a halral tur a ni.

3. Biological control:-

- Rannung ]angkai tam takte kha zuah

hram hram tur a ni.

- Thlai chi chu Trichoderma nena

nuaipawlh hian thlai vuai leh ]awih (Wilt,

Seedling blight, etc.) natna lakah thlai an

him thei.

4. Chemical control:-

- Rannung thahna tur leh a natna

enkawlna damdawite hi a ]ul hle loh chuan

hman loh hram hram tur a ni. Kawmnei

thlaiah heng damdawi te hi a hman theih a

ni.

Rannung thahna - Carbaryl (Sevin,

Taffin), Chlorpyriphos, Endosulfan,

Monocrotophos, Malathion, Phorate (Phoril,

Thimet), Phosalone (Zolone Fenthion

(Lebaycid - 1000), Fenvalerate (Fencron,

Sumiciden).

Thlai natna damdawi - Carbendazim,

Thiram, Metalaxyl, Mancozeb.

D. HRIAK PAI THLAI / OIL- SEEDS

1. Cultural practices:-

- }hal laia lei chu hneh deuha lehphut

hian natna hri te, vual te leh rannung dang

tuite nisaah rawn inpho chhuakin an thi thei

a ni.

- Buh emaw, vaimim emaw nen hriak pai

thlai chu chin thlak ]hin tur a ni.

- A hmaa thlai sengna hnuhma te chu

halral ]hin tur a ni.

- Hriak pai thlai tichhetu, leaf miner-te

tlan atan Behlawi emaw, Bekang emaw

hmun ]henkhatah tlemte chin tur a ni.

- Thlai chi thlak a]anga ni 15-20 ah

thlawhfai ]hat hle tur a ni.

- Thlai hrisello chu then a, hralh tur a ni.

2. Mechanical practices:-

- Pangang leh rannung dangte chu vai a

tihhlum tur a ni.

- Thlai hrik (aphids) awmna ]angte chu

thena halral tur a ni.

- Thlai hrisello chu then a, halral tur a ni.

- Lo/huan hmunah chuan zana mei

chhehin rannung tam tak an inrawhhlum

dawn a ni.

3. Biological control:

- Rannung ]angkai ho kha zuah hram

hram tur a ni.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

- Trichoderma@ 4 gram/kg seed-a thlai

chi nuai hian thlai ]iak hlim ]awih natna

(seed rots/seedling rot) a ven theih.

- Neem rah den sawm theh hian rannung

leh natna ]henkhat lakah thlai an him thei a

ni.

4. Chemical control:

- Rannung-

- Vual laka thlai ven nan Chlorpyriphos

@ 12 ml/kg seed emaw, Quinalphos

(Bayrusil, ekalux, Quinaltaf)@ 25 ml/kg

seed emawin a chi nuai tur.

- Rannung thah nan hengte hi hman tur -

Endosulfan, Carbaryl, Quinalphos, Monocro-

tophos, Malathion, Chlorpyriphos, Carbofu-

ran, Phorate.

- Natna-

- Thlai chi leh a ]iak hlim ven nan

Carbendazim-in a chi nuai tur a ni.

- Thlai hnah val (spots, rusts) ven nan

Carbendazim (3g)+Mancozeb (2g), tui litre

khata pawlhin thlai chu kah tur a ni.

- Bacterial blight leh leaf spot enkawl

nan Agrimycin - 100 emaw, Streptocycline

emaw a kah tur a ni a, ni 15 hnuah kah nawn

leh tur a ni.

- Vut buak natna (powdery mildew) a

awm chuan Sulphur-in thlai chu kah tur.

E. ALU/POTATO

1. Cultural Practices:

- }hal nisat ]hat laiin lei chu hneh deuha

lehphut tur a ni a, hei hian lei chhungrila

natna hri leh rannung leh an tui inphumte

nisaah a pho hlum thei dawn a ni.

- Alu chi hrisel ngei lin tur a ni.

- Lei]ha an mamawh tawk pek hram

hram tur a ni.

- Alu linna tur chu ]ha takin a thlur

pawng siam tur a ni a. Alu chi chu ]ha takin a

inphum bo thei tur a ni.

- Alu chinna hmunah chuan a kum lehah

thlai dang, kawmnei thlai emaw, hriakpai

thlai emaw chin tur a ni.

- Alu lin laiin tui an mamawh tawk pek

hram hram tur a ni.

- Alu lin a]anga chawlhkar 3-na leh 6-

naah hlo fai taka thlawh a, a chi chu leia ]ha

taka rih vur tur a ni.

2. Mechanical practices:

- Vual leh rannung dangte chu vai ]hin

tur a ni.

- Alu hrisello leh hmelhemte chu

thenfai/paih tur a ni a. Alu chawh hnu

pawhin tih makmawhah neih tur a ni.

3. Chemical practices:

- Vual leh nematodes laka thlai veng

turin Carbofuran 3 G, leiah chuan theh ]hin

tur a ni.

- Alu kung sehchhumtu (cutworms) ven

nan, thlai chu Chlorpyriphos a kah tur a ni.

- Late blight leh early blight (alu kung

]awih natna) enkawl nan Mancozeb emaw,

Copper oxychloride emawin thlai chu kah

tur a ni.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

- Late blight natna hi a nasat a,

khawhnawn leh uapin thlai a chiah bawk

chuan Metalaxyl leh Mancozeb

chawhpawlhin thlai chu kah tur a ni.

- Bacterial wilt natna laka thlai veng

turin bleaching powder@ 12 Kg/ha, thlai chi

lin rualin theh tur a ni.

- Alu thar, dah]hat tur chu minute 20

chhung Mancozeb tuia chiah hian leilung leh

thlaia natna hri chambang ]hin lakah thlai

an him.

F. PURUNSEN/ONION

1. Cultural Practices:

- Buh leh vaimim nena purunsen chin

thlak hian purunsen chu natna (blotch)

lakah an ziaawm thei.

- Leilunga neem cake@ 200 Kg per ha.

theh hian nematodes leh leilunga natna hri

khawsa ]hin lakah thlai an him.

- Leilung ]ha taka lehphutah thlai chi chu

tuh tur a ni.

2. Mechanical Control:

- Thlai chu sprayer hmanga tui phuh

seng seng hian thirps (thlai bawmtu

rannung) inthlahpung tur a ven theih a ni.

- Thlai chi thlak a]anga thla khat leh a

chanve chhung chu thlai chinna hmun fai

taka enkawl tur a ni.

3. Biological Control:

- Trichoderma, 2 gram leh a chi

nuaipawlha chin tur a ni.

- Rannung ]angkai chi hrang hrang,

maimawm te, daidep te leh a dang dangte hi

thah loh hram tur a ni.

- Neem cake theh hi a ]angkai hle bawk a

ni.

4. Chemical Control:

- Thlai hrik (thrips) ven nan Endosulfan

(2 ml/tui litre khat) a kah tur a ni.

- Purun hnah rau natna (blotch/leaf

blight) ven nan Mancozeb a thlai kah tur.

- Smut natna laka veng turin thlai chi chu

Benomyl@ 1 gram/tui litre khata chiah tur a

ni. Trichoderma hman erawh chuan

Benomyl hi hman loh tur a ni.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

ZOKHAW NU LEH KUT HNATHAWH

Rebecca Lalmuanpuii

B.Sc. Agri. M.Sc. (Forestry)

Kut hnathawh han tih hian mahni kutzal leh kutkawih ngeia kan thawh, heng - Lo/Huan

neiha enkawl te, Ranvulh te, Puan]hui te, Puantah te, Hnangtah te leh thildang kut

themthiamna ang chi hi a huam vek ah ngai ila, mahse, Mizoramah hi chuan a tlangpuiin

Zokhaw lama hmeichhiate hian lo/huan enkawlin ei kan zawng deuh ber a ni. Hahthlak leh

hrehawm pawh sawi lovin, eitur dehchhuah theihna leh nghei lova kan awm theihna a nih

avangin lo neih hi kan rilruah hmanlai a]angin a bet tlat tawh a, ]hahnemngai tak leh hah taka

thawh pawhin nghei lohna ang chauh a ni a, hlawkna leh changkanna hmuh tel tur a tlem hle a

ni.

Kum 2001 chhiarpui neih ]um khan

Mizoramah khua 787 vel awmin, zokhuaah

khaw 619 leh khawpuiah khaw 168 vel awm

anga hriat a ni a. Chutah chuan a pumpuiah

mihring 891058 (nuairiat singkua sangkhat

leh sawmnga pariat) vel awmin, zokhaw

lamah nuai 5 chuang an awm a, chumi zingah

chuan hmeichhia nuai 2 chuang an awm a ni.

A tam zawkin kut hnathawkin ei kan zawng a

ni.

Mizoram puma hmeichhia loneitute leh

huan lam enkawla awm te hi an hnathawh

nasat leh beih nasat ang hu hian hlawkna leh

ngaihsak an hlawh lova ni. Mizo

chhungkuaah hian hmeichhiate hian hna an

thawk nasain an mawhphurhna a sang em

em a, in lam leh eizawnna lamah a sulsutu

leh a buai ber chu tunlai ah phei chuan

hmeichhiate an ni kan ti lo thei lovang.

Hmeichhiate hian a bik takin Zokhaw lamah

phei chuan Nu mawhphurhna heng - Pasal

fanau/ Chhungkaw enkawl a, siam sak bakah

lo/huan lamah hna thawkin ran vulh

enkawlin an hah em em a, an thawhrimna leh

hnathawh nasat ang huin hlawkna hmuh let

tur a tlem em em a ni. Hetianga hah taka

naupawm chunga hnathawk a, a kul a taia

]an ]hin hi tun ang computer age kan tih hun

angah hian hetiang anga hnathawk tawh

lova, Khawvel Sorkar pawhina an hman mek

anga changkang leh Scientific deuh taka hma

an lak a hun tawh tak zet a ni. Chumia hma

an lakna tur atan chuan ei leh bara intodelh

changtlung zawk leh ngelnghet zawk

ngaihtuah a lo ngai ta a, hemi kawngah hian

Sorkar pawhin hma nasa takin mithiamte

ruaiin a la mek zel a ni. Chumi kawnga sorkar

hmalakna pawimawh tak pakhat pawh VIII

th

5

th

yr plan hnuaia Women in Agriculture

Scheme a siamte pawh hi a ni. Hei bakah hian

Mizoramah phei chuan heng NGO hrang

hrang - Y.M.A te, MHIP te, Hmeithai

Association te pawhin hmeichhiate

chawikanna training chi hrang hrang a

buatsaihsak ]hin a ni. Sorkar Department

hrang hrang pawhin hetianga hmeichhiate

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

chawikanna tur hian ]an nasa tak a la mek

zel bawk a ni.

Kan sawi tawh ang khan, Zokhaw Nu

te hian In lam leh lo/huan lamah hna nasa

takin an thawk a, an hahna te ngaihtuaha an

hlawkna leh changkanna a tlem avangin

engtinnge hlawk zawk leh intunnun nana

hman theih thiamna tunlai zawk leh

changkang zawk an neih theih ang tih hi

mithiamte pawhin an zir mek zel a, Training

chi hrang hrang leh ]anpuinate pawh a bik

takin heng Agriculture leh Horticulture

Department a]angte pawhin siamsaka pek an

ni bawk a ni.

Kan lo neih dan Kum 2-1 dana hmun

danga insawn ang chi hi chuan ram a ti chhia

chauh nilovin, eizawna ngelnghet kan neihna

kawngah min daltu lian tak a ni. Huan emaw

Lo emaw kan enkawlah khan heng

Agriculture thlai kan tih ang chi thlai

hnephnawl - An]am, Mai, Behlawi, Buh,

Vaimim, Bawkbawn, Sam]awk leh a dangte

leh Horticulture thlai kan tih heng Ser,

Balhla, Kawlthei, Lakhuihthei leh a dangte

chinpawlhin kum tluanin eitur mi pek bakah

eizawnnan a hman theih a ni. Kan thlai thar

leh theirah eisen loh leh zawrh zen loh te kha

pickle leh jamah te siamin zawrh sumah

pawh kan chantir thei a ni. Inchhung chet vel

leh eisiam lamah pawh hma nasa takin a

sawn theih a, thianghlimna te kan

ngaipawimawh tur a ni. Kut themthiamna

lampang heng puan]hui, puantah, hnang tah

zir te pawh hi tunlai ah chuan eizawnna tling

tak a ni tawh a ni. Hna hah tak maia

mihringin a thawh ngawt ngawt chuan thain

tlin loh hun a lo nei a, chuvang chuan kan ei

leh in duh zawngah pawh hriselna atana thil

]ulte kan ngai pawimawh tur a ni.

Eizawnna lamah Zokhaw Nute hian

kan tih dan pangngai zawh ngawr ngawr

lova, changkang leh hlawk zawka hma kan

lak a hun tawh takzet a. Kawng kawhhmuh

theih ]henkhat leh ]an kan lak dan tur kawng

lo zawng ta ila. A hmasa berin Zokhaw Nu

hnathawk ten kan tum bulpui ber tur nia ]ha

chu - tam zawk leh hlawk zawka thlai kan

thar theih nan thlai chin dan chi hrang hrang

kan tih ve mai theihte hi i han sawiho teh

ang. Huan/Leilet leh Inbul huan angah te

hian khawvel ram hrang hranga an enkawl

dan leh thlai kan chin turte leh khaw

awmdan a zira thlai chin tur in hrilh hriatna

lam hawi a ni ang a. Amaherawhchu, tuna

kan sawi hi leilet hmun zawl atan leh huan

nghet Terrace siam tawhna leh awihtlan

Terrace siam theihna hmun atan hman deuh

bik a ni a, Tlangram Lo, Vahchap, kalsan leh

mai tur ang chiah hi chuan a ]angkai chuang

lo a ni. Chungte chu:-

1. Kumkhata thlai vawihnih chin:

Huan neituin kumkhatah thlai chi hnih a

ching thei a, fur Thlai kan tih ang chi leh

thlasik Thlai kan tih ang chite hi April a]anga

October thla Fur thlai heng Bur te, Vaimim te

leh chawhmeh atana kan hman thlai chi hote

chin a, September a]anga March thla thleng

thlasik thlai kan tih ang chi heng ‘An]am,

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

Zikhlum, Bawrhsaiabe, Vaimim’ leh a dangte

a chin theih a ni

2. Kumkhat thlai chi hnih aia tam chin :

Hetah hian Huan/Leiletah thlai chi hnih

chauh nilo, a aia tam a chin theih a ni.

Huan/Leilet ram/ Terrace emaw kha bial

hrang hrangah ]hendarh a, ]umkhatah thlai

chi hrang a chin kual theih a ni. Entirnan :

Bial 1-naah - Buh, Vaimim, Bekang. Bial 2-

naah Vaimim, Bekang, An]am. Bial 3-naah -

Zikhlum, Bawrhsaiabe, Vaimim leh a dangte

a chin theih a ni.

3. Chatlak lova thlai chin:

Hemiah hi chuan chatlak lova kumtluana

thlai chin ]hin a ni a, dan tlangpuiin, thlai

huan atana hman bikah an kengkawh ber

]hin a. Hetiang anga hma lakna hmunah

chuan thlai pakhat hnuah a dawt leh a mi chu

a lo ]iak fel vek tawh ]hin. Heng ang chiah

hian Vaimim, Bawrhsaiabe leh thlai dang duh

ang ang a chin theih a ni.

4. Ranvulh leh thlai chin:

Hetah hi chuan thlai chinna hmunah ranvulh

kawp theih a ni. Ran leh thlaite hi an inring-

tawn a, Ranvulh heng - Ar, Vawk, Bawng te hi

an zun leh ek thlai tana chaw ]ha tak a nih

avangin thlaiin a ]hat phah duh bakah Lei]ha

- thlai tan an pe chhuak, ranvulh a]angte

pawhin sum a hai luh theih a, a manhla em

em a ni.

Thlai kan chin dawn leh Huan kan

enkawl dawn chuan kan hriatreng tur

]henkhat a awm a, chungte chu :- A hmun

kan thlang thiam tur a ni a, kawng a ]hat leh

]hat loh kan en tur a ni a, thlai chin dan kan

thlang thiam tur a ni a, mipui mamawh dan

en chungin thlai kan ching thiam tur a ni a,

kan thlai chinte a chi ]ha chi an nih leh nih

loh kan en tur a ni a. Tin, chhungkaw

dinhmun a zirin hma kan la thiam tur a ni.

Heng Huan, leilet leh terrace-te enkawl

bakah hian a hma lama kan sawi tak kut

themthiamna lam te pawh kha eizawnna

tling tak tak an ni a, kan thawh phua kan

lakluh pawh a lo zia awm theih nan kan kut

hnathawktute pawn hma an lak kan duhsak

em em a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

- 17 -

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ORANIC MANURES SIAM DAN

R. Zoramthanga

Asst. Agri. Information Officer

Directorate of Agriculture

Aizawl.

Organic Manures kan tih hian, ran ek leh zun leh thlai hnah ]awih a]anga lei]ha kan

siamchhuah, thlai chawm nana kan hmante hi a huam a. Organic Manures hi chi hrang hrangin

a ]hen theih a. Chungte chu :- Farmyard Manures (FYM), Farm Compost, Town Compost,

Night-Soil, Sludge leh Green Manure te an ni a.

Heng chi hrang kan han sawi zingah

hian Farmyard Manure (FYM), Farm

Compost-te hi chipchiar deuhvin kan sawi

turah dah ila. A hmasa berin Organic

Manures hi eng nge a ]angkaina leh an ]hatna

bikte tlem han sawi hmasa ila a ]ha awm e.

1. Organic Manures thlai kan pek hian

thlai chaw N,P,K a pek bakah thlaiin tlem

tlem an mamawh (Vitamin), heng Fertilizer-

Urea, DAP, MOP kan peka awm ve lo thlaiin

an mamawh em em Iron, Manganese, Borom,

Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum Chlorine etc te hi

an pe thei a ni.

2. Organic Manurers-te hian leia

Organic Matter a tipung a, chu chuan lei a ti

]hain lei a tidur ]ha a. Hei hian leiin tui a pai

hnem phahin lei ban lutukte a tiphur ]hain lei

chiau per purte a ti hul ]ha a. Thlaiin an ]han

duan phahin an thar hlawk phah em em a ni.

3. Organic Manures-te hian leia

thilnung te tak te te (Micro Organism)-te tan

chaw ]ha a pe a, tichuan he Micro Organism-

te hian leia thlai chaw awmsa thlaiin a ei mai

theih lohte chu thlaiin an ei theih turin an

siam thei a ni.

Heng Point pathum chauh kan han

sawi mai a]ang pawh hian Organic Manures

]hatzia chu sawi tam ngai lovin keini

loneitute chuan kan hrethiam nghal mai awm

e. Tunlai khawvel thiamna sang zelah ram

changkang zawka mite chuan, Chemicals

(Plant Protection chemical leh fertilizer etc)

hmanga thlai thar chhuahte hi mihring ei leh

in atan a hrisel tawk lovin an hre tawh a.

Chuvangin a man pawh a sang bik a. India

ram a]anga kan thlai thar Export tur pawh

hian Chemical tel lova thar chhuah hi an duh

bik a. Hemi kawngah hian sorkar laipui

pawhin hma nasa takin a la mek reng a ni.

Kan hriat angin kum tinin Fertilizer

man te hi a sang tial tial a, hemi kawngah

loneituten harsatna tam tak kan tawkin kan

la tawk nasa deuh deuh turah in ngai ila.

Tichuan, he harsatna pumpelh leh

thlai man man zawk leh hrisel zawk kan thar

chhuah theih nan Fertilizer tlem leh Organic

Manures tam zawk hman kan tum tur a ni.

Heng Organic Manure kan han sawi takte kha

awlsam takin mitinin kan siam thei vek si a.

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2003

FARMYARD MANURES (FYM)

Farmyard Manures hi ran ek leh zun leh ran chaw kan pek leh an ei bangnawi ran

in a]anga kan lakkhawm hmanga lei]ha kan siamte hi a ni a. Keini chuan “Bawngek lei]ha” kan

ti mai awm e. Kan ek leh zun leh thildang lei]ha khura kan dah hnua lei]ha a lo insiam hnu hian

thlai chaw (NPK) a tlangpui thuin hetiang hian a pai tura ngaih a ni:

.5%N, .20P leh .5%K te. Bawngek lei]ha (FYM) hi Organic Manures zingah chuan pawimawh

ber leh hman lar ber pawl a ni.

Farmyard Manure (FYM) siam nana hmanraw pawimawh ber chu ran ek leh zun a nih

avangin, kan ran vulh lar deuh deuhte hian engti angin nge thlai chaw an kai dan tlangpui i lo

zir teh ang.

Table 3. Ran ek leh zuna PNK awm dan

Ran hming Percentage of

N

P

K

1. Bawng

ek

0.40

0.20

0.10

zun

1.00

trace

1.35

2. Beram, Kel

ek

0.75

0.50

0.45

zun

1.35

0.05

2.10

3. Sakawr

ek

0.55

0.30

0.40

zun

1.35

trace

1.25

4. Vawk

ek

0.55

0.50

0.40

zun

0.40

0.10

0.45

5. Ar

ek

1.80

0.90

Kan hmuh angin (N,K) chu ran zunah a tam zawk tih kan hria; chuvangin lei]ha kan siam

dawnin ran ek leh zun hi a pawimawh ve ve tih kan rilruah dah ila.

1:1. Lei]ha a]anga thlai chaw kan hlauh theih dan :

A hma lama kan sawi tawh ang khan Farmyard Manures (FYM) hi ran zun leh ek a]anga

siam a ni a; tin, thlai chaw pawh ran zunah hian a tam zawk a. Tun kan dinhmunah chuan

lei]ha (FYM) kan siam hian ran ek hi kan thupui/pawimawh ber a, ran zun hi chu kan

ngaihtuah tel meuh awm love. Tun a]ang chuan ran ek leh zun hi kan ngai pawimawh tawh tur

a ni. Tin, kan lei]ha siam dan dik tawk lo leh kan ngaihtuah ngun loh avanga thlai chaw kan

hlauh theih dan a awm a, chungte chu ran zun, hman loh avangte, ran ek lakkhawm kim loh te,

ran chaw nawi hman lohte leh kan dah ]hat tawk loh vangin.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

1.2 Lei]ha kan dah ]hat dan fel tawk loh

avanga thlai chaw kan hlauh theih dan:

Kan lei]ha siam tur kan dah danah

hian kan fimkhur hle a ngai a ni. Hmun tam

takah chuan kan ran in hnuaiah khur tlem

siamin emaw siam loh pawhin kan paih darh

mai mai a. Hemi avang hian thlai chaw tam

tak a luang ral ]hin a ni.

1:2.1. Luang ral (Leachin) : Lei]ha

Farmyard Manures-a thlai chaw awmte hi

tuiral zung zung thei (Water Soluble) an ni a,

chuvangin thlai pawhin an ei thuai thei a.

Kan lei]ha dahkhawmte ruah kan nantir

chuan heng thlai chaw tuiral mai theite hi

tuihawk rualin an luangral duak duak dawn a

ni. Kan ram anga ruahtui tamna leh awih

tlanah phei chuan rapthlak khawpa tam a

luang ral dawn a nih chu.

1:2.2 Boruaka tham ral (Volatilization) :

Ran ek leh zunte kan dah khawm a]ang hian

Ammonia a insiam chhuak ]hin a, lei]ha

siamna tura kan dah khawm kha a ]awih rual

rual hian he Ammonia hi a insiam chhuak ve

zel a. Tichuan, Ammonia leh Carbonic Acid

inchawhpawlh chuan Ammonium carbonates

leh Ammonium Bicarbonate-te an

siamchhuak leh a, hengte hi rang takin

boruakah an tham ral thei a ni. Tin, Ammonia

ho hi tlai chaw Nitrogen siam chhuak tur ber

an ni si a, tichuan, Ammonia boruaka a tham

ral chuan thlai chaw tam tak kan hlauh tihna

a nih chu.

1:3 Farmyard Manure siam dan:

Farmyard Manure siam nana

hmanraw pawimawh ber chu: ran ek leh zun

te hi an ni.

Lei]ha khur (trench) : Ran ek leh zun te

hi pawngpaw dahkhawm mai mai lovin, a

khur ]ha tak siam tur a ni. A khur laih danah

pawh hetiang hi ni thei se. Ran in bul hnaih

remchang lai leh tui hul laiah hetiang hian

khur lai ila:- A dung feet 20-25 a sei, a vang

feet 5-6 leh a thuk lam feet 3-4 nise; hetiang

khur hi khur hnih tal laih nise. Tin, khur

chhak lamah hian tuihawk luh theih loh nan

tui luankawr siam nise.

Hnawhkhah dan (fill up) : Kan ran ek

leh zun leh ran ei bang nawi leh in bul vela

hnawm zawng zawng kha khur (trench) kil

tawp a]angin feet thum (3ft) velah

dahkhawm phawt ila, tichuan, lei a]anga feet

1-2 vel thleng dah tur a ni. Chumi hnuah

chuan bawng ek leh lei bana a chung chu zut

phui vek tur a ni. Hetiang zel hian kan khur

laih chu hnawh khah tur a ni. Tin, ran zun

hmang ]angkai turin tlai lamah kan ran

vulhte an zun ]hinna hmunah khan hnim ro

(buhpawl) leh Supper Phosphate 1 kg pawlh

dah ila, hei hian ran zun a hip a, tichuan,

lei]ha khurah ran ek kan dah ruala dah ve tur

a ni.

A lak chhuah leh dan : Khur khat hi thla

thum chhung velin kan dah ]ha hman turah

ngai ila. Tichuan, a khur pahnihna kan dah

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

khah chhungin a khur khatna hi a hman theih

tawh ang. Kan lak chhuah dawn pawhin kan

dah khah hmasakna ber a]angin lak chhuah

]an tur a ni; tichuan, khur ruakah khan ran

ek leh zun te chu hnawh khah leh zel tur a ni.

Kan sawi ang khur pahnih hi bawng 3-4 vel

vulh tan chuan a tawk thei turah ngaih a ni.

Hetianga siam hian kum khatah lei]ha (FYM)

50-60 Qtls. vel bawng pakhat a]anga siam

chhuah theih a ni.

Lei]ha hman dan : Leitha (FYM) hman dan

]ha ber chu khur a]anga kan lak chhuah

veleh kan hmanna tur hmunah rual taka theh

darhin lei leh hnan nghal tur a ni. Hetiang

lova hmun khata chhun vum emaw theh

darha dah reng chuan a hma lama kan sawi

ang khan thlai chaw tam tak a luang ral thei a

ni.

Damdawi hmanga lei]ha (FYM) vawn ]hat

dan: A hma lama kan sawi ang khan lei]ha

a]anga thlai chaw (ammonia) tham ral ]hin

kha damdawi (supper phosphate) hmangin a

dan theih a ni. A chhan chu ran ek, zun leh

hnim ]awihin Ammonium Carbonate a

siamchhuah, boruaka tham ral hma tak kha

Supper Phosphate leh Ammonium Sulphate-

ah a chantir a, hei hian boruaka an tham ral

tur a veng ta a ni. Tin, Super Phosphate hian

lei]haah Phosphorus (P) a ti tam bawk a ni.

A hman dan : Super Phosphate 1 Kg vel ran

zun awmna laiah khan hnim rote nen

chawhpawlhin tlai lamah dah ila, tichuan,

zingah ran ek rualin lei]ha khurah dah luh

mai tur a ni.

2. COMPOST

Compost hi hnim dahkhawm, leia

thilnung te tak te te (micro organisms) chi

hnih Aerobic (oxygen mamawh) leh

Anaerobic (oxygen mamawh lo) ten an tih

]awih a]anga lei]ha insiam a ni a, hetiang

Compost ]ha taka siam hi chu Farmyard

Manure (bawng ek lei]ha) ai pawhin a ]ha

zawka ngaih a ni. Compost hi a siamna

hmanrua a zirin chi hnihah a ]hen theih a: (1)

Rural Compost :- Hei hi kan lo leh huana

hnim leh thlam hnawm a]anga siam ho hi an

ni. A dang leh chu (2) Urban Compost : Hei hi

chu khawpui hnawm a]anga siam chhuah hi

an ni a. Tunah chuan Rural Compost hi kan

thlur bik ang.

Rural/Farm Compost siam dan : Kan lo leh

huanahte ran kan vulh kawp vek thei lova,

hei vang hian bawng ek lei]ha (FYM) kan nei

thei lova. Amaherawhchu, kan huan leh lote

kan thlawh fainaah hian hnim tam kan

thlovin kan chhep khawm ]hin a, hei hi

lei]haah awlsam tein a siam theih a ni. Kan

ram (Mizoram) ang ruahtui tam leh hnim

tamnaah hi chuan kumtinin lei]ha tam tak

tak kan siamchhuak thei awm e. Chuvangin,

mitinin i ngai pawimawh ang u. Compost hi

chi thumin a siam theih a, chungte chu :- (1)

Pit Method (2) Heap Method leh (3) Zemkual

te an ni.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

2:1 Pit Method : Kan lo leh huanah hmun

remchang lai tui tlin theih lohna hmunah

khur, a dung lam feet 7, a thuk lam feet 3, a

sei zawng feet 5 laih tur a ni. Awihpangah

kan laih chuan a ko chhak lamah tuihawk

paih nan tuiluankawr laih bawk tur a ni. Ram

1 ha. vel chawm nan khur tal laih tur a ni a,

hetiang a]ang hian lei]ha 20-25 Quintal vel a

siam theih.

Hmanrua : Compost siam nan hian hnim

engpawh a ]ha a, hnim bakah thlama kan

hnawmhnawk zawng zawng pawh a hman

theih; amaherawhchu, thing bung leh mau

bung, ]awih mai thei lo chu hman loh tur.

Kan hnim chhek khawm zawng zawng kha

lakhawmin Compost atante hian a hman

theih vek a ni.

A hnawh khah dan : Kan hnim chhek

khawm leh thlam hnawm lak khawm kha,

khura rual taka chap darh tur a ni. Tichuan,

feet 1 ]anga feet 2 vela sang a lo nih hunah,

ran ek leh zun te kan neih chuan, lei leh tui

chawhpawlhin pan deuhvin khuh mai tur.

Hemi zawhah hian a hma ang bawkin hnim

theh darh tur a ni a, hetiang zela tihin lei

a]anga feet 1 a]anga feet 2 vela sang siam tur

a ni. A chung ber chu chirh diaka zut phui tur

a ni. Nipui (Summer) lai chuan tui vawi hnih

emaw vawi thum emaw tal pek tur a ni;

tichuan, thla 4 ]anga thla 6 velah Compost

lei]ha a insiam thei a ni.

2:2 Heap Method : Heap Method-ah chuan

hmunzawl tui hul deuh laiah lei ‘level’ ]hat a,

hnim chu (feet 6-8 zau leh 3-4 feet vela sang,

a sei zawng chu a remchan dan leh hnim tam

dan a zir nise) rem tur a ni a, a chung chu

chirh diaka zut mam a, khuh tur a ni.

Tichuan, thla 1 a]anga thla 2 velah kan hnim

dah khawm chu a lo tla hniam deuh sut ang a,

hemi hi leh hun hmasa ber tihna a ni e.

Tichuan, a kil tawp a]angin kan hnim chhek

khawm chu chawhleh tur a ni. Hemi hnuah

hian dah leha a lo tlak hniam leh hnuah

chawhleh leh ]hin tur a ni. A tlangpui thuin

vawi 2-3 vel chawhleh a ngai a, thla 4-5 velah

Compost angin a hman theih a ni. Heap

Method hi fur lai leh thlasik laia Compost

siam nan a ]ha bik.

2:3 Zemkual : Kan ram ruahtui tamna leh

tlangpang awihtlan deuh atan hi chuan, kan

sawi tak Pit leh Heap Method-te hi a

remchang lo deuh mai thei a. Chuvangin,

zemkual a, Compost siam chhuah dan hi

Department-in hmun hrang hrangah a

enchhin tawh a, a ]ha viau a ni.

Zemkual dan : Kan lo leh huan hmun

remchang laiah dapin zem kual ila, a zem len

zawngah chuan loneitu remchan danah

nghat ila, kan ram chhungah a theih chuan

hmun tam deuhah zem hi kual ila, kan hnim

thlawh kan dah theihna tawk vela inhlat nise.

Tin, zem chu a chhung lamah ]helret puan

emaw, changel hnah emaw, hnahthial hnah

emaw phah nise.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

A hnawh khah dan : Kan hnim thlawh

apiang kha zemah chuan dah luh nghal mai

tur a ni a, feet 1-2 vela sang a nih hunah lei

leh Urea tlem chawhpawlh a, pan deuha

khuh leh tur a ni. Hetiang zel hian kan zem

kualah chuan dah khah tur a ni. Heti hian thla

4-6 hnuah a hman theih. Zemkual a awlsam

bikna leh a ]hatna te:-

(1) Khur laih ai chuan Zemkual a awlsam

zawk.

(2) Heap Method angin chawhleh a ngai

velo.

(3) Hnim lakkhawm a awlsam bik.

(4) Lei]haa hman dawnin phurh sawn vak

a ngai lo.

(5) Zemkual bul velah hian thlai zam chi

(Changkha, Berul etc.)-te a chin theihin an

]ha duh em em a ni.

Ka thu rawn sawi hi Loneitute thlai

thar chhuah tih tamna tur hmanraw ]ha a nih

avang leh Chemical Fertilizers lei nana

pawisa senso ngai lova loneitute hmanraw

]ha a nih avangin, siam uar deuh deuh turin

kut hnathawktute ka ngen che u a ni.

Ka lawm e.

TUI KHAWL LEH RENCHEM THIAM A

}UL TAKZET TA

P. S. Laltlanzauva IIIYr. B.A

Hrangbana College.

Khawvelah hian Pathianin thil nung a

siam a, chung thil nung a siamte chu

engvanga nung thei nge an nih tih hi

ngaihtuahna nei mihringte hian kan

ngaihtuah ngai em le? thlai hringte nunna hi

tui a ni tih hi tuin nge hnial thei? Tui

mamawh lo nunna nei eng nge awm kan hria

em? A chhanna dik tak hretu tan chuan he

khawvel thilsiam tana tui pawimawhzia leh

kan nunna atan leh kan khawsakna atana thil

pawimawh ber kan enkawl dan hi ngaihtuah

ber atana kan neih a hun ta. Mihring taksa

rihna za zela sawmriat hi tui a ni a, tui hi

awm lo ta ni se kan nitin khawsahna pawh hi

a buai zo vek dawn a ni.

Chutiang taka kan nunna atana thil

pawimawh TUI chu kan mamawh tawk leh

kan khamkhawp kan hmu thei em? A bikin

Mizoram khawpui ber Aizawl hi han

ngaihtuah chhin ila, Aizawl-a chhungkaw

awm zat leh mihring ngaihtuahin tuia min

chawmtu Tlawnglui a]anga kan tui hmuh hi a

tlem lua a ni. Kan indaih lo a ni tih hi hriatna

tura beng nei chuan hre mawlh rawh se.

Chuvangin, tui khawl leh renchem hi mitinte

mawhphurhna leh kan tih ngei ngei tur, a

bata kan bat a ni.

Tui khawl leh renchem ]ulna leh

pawimawhna hre tur chuan a chunga thu kan

tarlan hi hriata zawm a pawimawh hle dawn

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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a, uluk taka kan zir a kan zawm a nih ngat

chuan he kan mamawh ber tlakchhamna lak

ata hi chhanchhuahin kan awm ngei ang. TUI

hian mihring nunah dinhmun pawimawh ber

hi a luah reng a, a ]angkaina pawh hi sawi

tam kher pawh ngai hranpa lovin mi tupawh

mai hian kan hre tlang ]heuhin a rinawm.

Chutiang nilova a ]angkaina leh a

pawimawhna pawh la ngaihtuah ngailo leh la

hre ve ngailo kan nih ngat chuan he

khawvelah mihring tungchhova kal zingah

hian mi piang vanduai ber kan nih loh

pawhin khawvel eng hi hmu ve tlak lo kan ni

ngei ang le.

Kan nitin khawsaknaa pawimawh tak

mai tui hi kan Aizawl khawpui chhung min

chawm tur ringawt pawh hian tam tham tak

mai a ngai a, kan indaihlohna pawh a nasa

hle a, pun lam aiin hniam lam a pan zel bawk

si nen, kan Aizawl khawpuiah hian mihring

nuaithum leh singthum chuang fe kan awm a,

kan tui tlanna pui ber Tlawnglui hi a siam

]antirh laiin mi singriat vel emawmin chawm

thei tura ruahman a ni a. Mahse, hetiang hi

kan dinhmun a nih laiin tunah chuan mi

singthum chuangin kan tlan tawh lehnghal a,

a siam ]antirha ruahmanna nen chuan a

inthlau ta hle a ni.

Tin, P.H.E. Department-in tuia min

chawm tura a sen nasat zia te hi a turu hle a

ni. Nitin tui litre nuai sawmriat leh pariat (88

Lakhs) vel pump chhuak anga ngaih a ni a,

nitin darkar sawmhnih leh pahnih vel pump

anga ngaih a ni bawk a, nitin mi pakhatin tui

litre sawmhnih leh paruk (26) vel dawng thei

]heuh tura ruahman a ni bawk a, nitin tui

pump chhuah nana senso hi darkar khatah 6

paise ang vela ngaih a ni a, tui ]in khatah 80

paise vel zel anga ngaih a ni bawk a, chutiang

zela chhut chuan thlatin cheng nuai za leh

sawmli leh pali (144 Lakhs) bawr vel seng

anga ngaih a ni leh bawk a, kum khatah

chuan cheng nuai sangkhat zasarih

sawmhnih leh pariat (1728 Lakhs) vel seng

anga ngaih a lo ni leh bawk a, keini a tui

tlantu mipui ten thlatina kan chawi ve nen

chuan a inthlau hle a ni, chuvangin, TUI hi

kan ren thiam a pawimawh hle a ni.

Hetiang hi kan nihphung leh kan

dinhmun a nih si avangin a hmangtu mipuite

hian neitu tak tak rilru pu a, ngaihtuahna

thar kan siam a pawimawh hle a, a khawl

lamah pawh ]an kan lak thar zel a ]ul hle mai,

hetiang zawng hian rilru pawh siam thiam ta

ila, P.H.E. Department-in tui min pek pawh

kan khawpkham tawh lo a ni a, chuvangin,

department chawma innghat mai lovin

vantlang tuikhur kan neih ]heuh te hi ti

bawrhbang mai mai lovin neitu dik tak rilru

pu chunga kan enkawl a kan humhalh a

pawimawh hle a, hengte hi ]ha taka neitu

rilru pu chunga kan enkawl ngat chuan kan

tui mamawh tam tak hi min phuhruk sak

ngei ang tih a rinawm hle a ni.

Tin, chutiang bawkin mitinte hian

hetiang zawng hian P.H.E. Department hi kan

]anpui thei bawk awm e, chhungkaw tinte

hian kan tui tlan tlemzia te, department-in

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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-

sum a sen nasatzia te hi hriatthiam puiin

chhutpui thiam ta ila, hlawk lam aiin

department hian a chawibelh zel zawk a ni

tihte hi chhutpui thiam ta bawk ila, tin, chu

mai bakah chhungkaw tinte hian tui

dahkhawlna ]ha tawk tak nei ]heuh ta bawk

ila, may a]anga october ruahtui tla kan

dawnte hi rilru nei takin khawlkhawm ta

bawk ila, tin, chutih rual chuan hetiang lama

hma latu department hian an tui pump

chhuah ]hin hi chawlin pump ta lo bawk se,

department-in sum a senna tam zawk hi chu

a chhawk thei ngeiin a rinawm a, hlawkna

nasa tak min siam dawn bawk nen, chutiang

anga ti thei tur pawh chuan ngaihtuahna kan

sena kan hman thiam a ]ulin a pawimawh hle

a ni.

A chunga kan sawi ang deuh bawk

hian Agriculture department tan pawh hian a

khawl lama ]an lak thiam a ]ulin a

pawimawh ve hle mai, an department tana a

pawimawhna hi kan sawi bang thei bik hauh

lovang, chutih a hnekin an tan hlei hlei hian a

pawimawh bik emaw ni chu aw a tih theih

hial zawk a, chuvangin, tui khawl leh

renchem hi Agiculture department tan pawh

hian a ]ul hle a, a ]ulna tam tak zingah tlemte

chauh han sawi ta ila, Agriculture lampang

thil reng reng hi a hun bi a inang lo thluah

mai a, a ]hen fura ]ha chi a nih laiin a ]hente

erawh chu ]hal lai tea ]ha chi an lo ni leh

thung a, chutiang teh nuai a nih avang chuan

tui khawl leh renchem thiam a ]ul zual a, fur

ruahtui tam lai hi remchangah hmangin

ruahtui awm loh hun ]hal laia hman tur thlai

leh thildang chawm nan khawlkhawmin dah

]ha ta bawk se, buaina awm thei tam zawk

chu a phuhruk ve thei ngeiin a rinawm a ni.

Kan Mizoram chhung chauh pawh nilo

kan India ram hmun zau zawkte han thlir zel

phei chuan tui kan mamawh tam zia leh

khawl leh renchem a ]ul zia a hiat zual deuh

deuh lehnghal a, India ram hmun ]henkhat

ah phei chuan tui in tur neih loh avanga thite

an awm hial mai, chutiangte ngaihtuah chuan

Mizoram chu vannei tak kan la ni. Chuvangin,

hmun danga a harsatzia te hrethiam a, khawl

leh renchem a ]ulnate kan hriat thar deuh

deuh a ]ulin a pawimawh hle a; hria a

ngaithla liamtu mai ni lova a tak hretu leh

zawmtu, khawl a ]ulzia hretu kan nih a ]ul

hle a ni.

A chunga kan sawi tak TUI hi kan

nunna atan mai nilo kan nitin khawsakna

atan thil pawimawh leh ]angkai ber mai a ni

a, mihring tan mai pawh nilo thil nung zawng

zawngin a lova kan awm theih loh a ni a, thil

nung tawh phawt tan chuan tui hi a

pawimawh vek mai, tui mamawh lo hi kan

awmin a rinawm loh bawk. Kan tan a

pawimawhna te, kan khawpkham lohzia te

kan sawilang tawh a, a hmangtu mipui tena

kan tih theih awmchhun leh department kan

]anpui ve theihna chu khawl leh renchem hi

a ni tih kan sawi tawh bawk a ni. Chuvangin,

kan dinhmun leh kan harsatnate a nasat zel

avang leh a tui pung silova a hmangtu kan

pun zel si avang hian tunah chuan ]an la

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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-

tharin TUI KHAWL LEH RENCHEM THIAM A

}UL TAKZET TA tiin kan rilru leh

ngaihtuahna i seng thar leh ang.

(Water Month 2003-a Essay inziahsiaknaa

lawmman pahnihna (2nd Prize) dawngtu

Essay ziah a ni.)

RANNUNG BUH El CHHETU TEN AN

EICHHIAT DAN LEH A VEN DAN

Tlangtimawia Zote, A.E.O.

State Bio-Fertilizer Production Unit

Neihbawi.

Mizote hian Buh hi kan chaw pui ber

leh kan rinrawl ber a ni a, kan ching uarin

kan uar zel dawn pawh niin a lang a. Khawvel

ram zau zawkte nena kan buh tharte nena

khaikhin chuan, buh chinna hmun kan neih

ve chhun ang angah kan la thar hlawk lo hle

a. Hengte hi a chhan tam tak a awm thei a,

chung zinga pawimawh tak pakhat chu Buh

eichhetu Rannung (Buh hrik) vang a ni. Heng

Buh eichhetu rannungte hi a ven nachang

kan hriat loh chuan a lo pung tual tual anga,

Buh thar tur tam tak kan hloh nasa telh telh

bawk ang.

Chuvangin Buh eichhe theitu rannung

laka kan inven theih nan Zorama buh eichhe

theitu rannung lar zualte leh Buh a eichhiat

dante leh a ven nana hmanruate lo thlir ho

teh ang:

1. BUH HRIK/KUMTHU HRIK (LEAF-

HOPPERS):

Rannung te tak te, Thereng ang tak

perh kat nalh nalh thei an ni a, chi hrang

hrang paruk lai an awm a, A hringte, A ukte,

A varte, A dum leh vara ]ialte an ni a,

Buhfang tiat vel awm hi a ni a. Hmui zum tak

an nei a, chu an zum hmang chuan Buh hnah

leh a kung, a ziknoah te a tui hnang an dawt

]hin. An beih nasat kungte chu a hnah him

lo/]et awm miah si lovin an ro ]hawt thei a.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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-

An tam tak takna hmunah chuan kang ro ang

maiin buh a thi ]euh ]hin. Zan lama che chi an

nih avangin an awm leh awm loh hi hriat a

harsa hle ]hin a. Hetianga buh chhan leh vang

awm lova lo thih chuan ramah riak ila thlam

kawtah zanah mei chhem ila mei eng rawn

bawmtu buh hrik hi a lo tam viau chuan buh

thihna chhan kha an mahni vang ti ila a sual

tam lo ang. Tin, buh hrikin a hnah kung a

dawtna kua a]ang hian buhin natna chikhat

(virus natna) in a bawm thei bawk a, kawng

hnihin he rannung hian buhah pawi a khawih

a ni.

A VENDAN : Zanah thlawhlaiah mei chhem

la, buh hrik tam tak a inrawh hlum ang. Tin,

khaw]hat zanah Khawnvar/Petromax khai-

kangin a hnuaiah thleng/chawhtawlhin tui

leh oil chawhpawlh dah la, rannung tam tak

an tla hlum ang.

Tin, tui ]in khatah (chu chu litre 16)

zelah Nuvan 30ml. (Saidawium chhin 6)

pawlhin buh hnah leh a chhehvel, buh hnah

hnuai lamte leh buh kung bul lam thlenga

uluk taka kah fuh ngei tur a ni.

2. BUH THLANG DAR (Rice Bug):

Thlangdar sei zit zet, rawng uk leh

hring chawhpawlh a ni a, buh hnah hnuai

lamah te tawmbo theiin chik taka en loh

chuan hmuh fuh an har hle. Rannung ]i tak

an ni a, an tam tak takna hmunah chuan buh

hmun han fan kualin thlangdar rim a nam

chum chum thei a ni. Buhvui ]an tirh, a la

sakhal tak tak hma hian hetiang thlangdar te

hian an hmui zum tak hmangin buhvui an

zuk a, a chhunga a tuihnang an dawt a, buh

fang dep/buhsi leh buhfang phel/pumlo tam

tak a awm phah ]hin. Leilet buh thar hi

tlangram buh thar nena khaikhin chuan a

hlawk lovin a si a tam em em ]hin a, hei hi

thlangdar ho hnuhma leh sulhnu vang a ni

ber.

Buhvuih ]an tirhin a chhunga tuihnang

an hip chhuak a, buhin a si a lo awm phah

vek ]hin. Kum tluanin an awm a, buhvui

dawnah heng rannungte hi an hlauhawm leh

zual.

A VEN DAN:

Nuvan Saidawium chhin 6 kha tui ]in

khat pawlhin buh hnah leh a kung leh a vel

thlengin ngun taka kah tur a ni.

3. BUH HNAH EITU PANG-ANG

Buh hnah eitu pangang hi chi hrang

hrang an awm a, chung zingah chuan buh

hnah zialtu (Leaf Folder) te, buh hnah

hmanga bawm siamtu (Case-worm) te leh

buh hnah eitu hrim hrim (Swarding case

piller) te hi a lar zualte an ni. Buh hnah an ei

a, chumi hnuah amah a in zial hnana, rei tak a

tawmbo a, a tawpah a lo puitling a, lungphur

thlahtu Phengphehlep ah rawn changin a

thlawk chhuak leh ]hin. Buh hnah an ei

chhiat nasat chuan buh kung a silawng a, a

]hang muang a, a thar hlawk thei lo. A ei dan

Pangang ]henkhatin a hnah an dit a, a ]henin

an seh chhum a, a hnah an khawr leh an zial

te pawh an pawt khawr vek thei, a lo chhuah

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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-

a]anga thla hnih vel chhungin an tam zual

]hin.

A VENDAN: Tin, tui ]in khatah(chu chu litre

16) zelah Nuvan 30ml(Saidawium chhin 6)

pawlhin buh hnah leh a chhehvel, buh hnah

hnuai lamte leh buh kung bul lam thlenga

uluk taka kah fuh ngei tur a ni.

4. BUH KUNG NGÊT (Stem borer):

Leilet buhah emaw tlangram buhah

emaw thlawhlaia buh zik ro ]hawt ]hin hi

buh kung ngêtin a eichhiat vang a ni. A chi

hrang hrang a awm a, an thawh dan erawh a

inang tlangpui, A puitling chu lungphur

thlahtu kan tih phengphehlep te tak te te an

ni a, buh hnahah an tuia a tui lo keu chu

pangangah lo changin buh zikah a lut thla a, a

kung lairil a eichhe ]hin. Chumi hnuah buh

kung kawrawng chhungah buhchiumah

changin a rawn puitling chhova, a thlawk

chhuak leh ]hin. Buh kung ngêt i hmuh chuan

enchiang la, a kungah khan heng rannung lo

chhuahna te reuhte i hmu ang. Tin, buh zik ro

a eichhiat chu han pawt la awlsam takin a

dawk thei a ni.

AVENDAN: Tui ]in khatah(chu chu

litre 16) zelah Nuvan 30ml (Saidawium chhin

6) pawlhin buh hnah leh a chhehvel, buh

hnah hnuai lamte leh buh kung bul lam

thleng uluk taka kah fuh ngei tur a ni. Tin,

leiletah chuan Furadon damdawi leilet tui

kawngah leiha tuikawnga luan luhtir mai tur

a ni.

5. BUH KELTELAIMAWM (Rice Hipa):

Rannung dum rin ren, hling nei,

buhfang aia lian deuh Keltelaimawm ang tak

a ni a. Buh ]iak tir leh buh thla khat leh a

chanve vel thlengin buh hnah an bei ]hin.

Buh hnah a dita a eina hnu chu sarang ang

maiin a awm diar ]hin leilet buh kûinaah a

awm duh hle. Buh hnah a beih nasat viau

chuan a ]han a ]hu thei a, buh a lo chawr che

]hin.

A VEN DAN : Buh phun sawn tura pawh chu a

hnah zik ]huai chhum vek tur a ni a,

Nuvan/Ripcord, Rogor-in Ni 15 danah vawi

hnih kah tur. Tin, buh ]iakin kutzungchal a

chen a]angin tui ]in khatah damdawi

saidawium chhin 4 zela pawlha kah tur a ni.

6. KHAU LEH KHAUKHUAP (Locusts/

Grass-hoppers):

Khau chi hrang hrang tam tak awm a, a

huhoa thlawk chum chum chi ho hi khau rual

Locusts an ti a, tin, a huhoa thlawk chhuak ve

lo khau satliah ang hi Grass-hoppers an ni a,

heng ho hian buh an khawih pawi lutuk lo a,

an hmuh apiang an ei mai ]hin a, eng emaw

changin buh zik an rawt ]hin. Vaimim leh

faisa hnah ang chite hi an ei duh hle bawk.

Buh ]o tirh a]anga thla hnih chhung hi an

hlauhawm hunlai a ni.

A VEN DAN: Nuvan 35ml damdawi kha

saidawium chhin 7 leh tui ]in khat

chawhpawlhin kah tur. Tin, vaimim

densawmah khau ei duh ang chi kha Nuvan

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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-

damdawia chiahin thlawhlaiah theh darh tur

a ni.

7. KHUANGBAI (Field Cricket):

Khuangbai hi buh tan rannung

chimawm tak a ni a, a tlangpuiin buh ]iak

hlim hnah a rawt duh hle a. Tin, buhvui ]an

tirh hi a seh hawnga a chhunga mi a ei fai vek

]hin. BUH HMUI chi an duh bik a, an tamna

hmunah chuan sazu ang deuh thawin buhvui

an heh a ni. An chenna tam ber chu

chhehrawp leh bawlhhlawh vawm khawmna

hnuaiah an tawm khawm ]hin a, zanah an

che deuh ber ]hin a, mei eng an lawm em

avangin tam tak an inrawh hlum ]hin.

A VEN DAN: Nuvan 35ml damdawi kha

saidawium chhin 7 leh tui tin khat

chawhpawlhin kah tur. Tin, vaimim

densawmah khau ei duh ang chi kha Nuvan

damdawia chiahin thlawhlaiah theh darh tur

a ni.

BROAD BEAN

(Vicia faba L.)

Judy K. Lalrinsangi M.Sc(Agron)

Extension Section, Dte. of Agri.

Botanical name : Vicia faba L.

Family : Fabaceae

Hming kohnate :

Hindi - Bakla,

Kala matar

Bengali - Kala matar

Assamese - Kala matar

Manipuri - Hawaimubi

Sap

]

awng - Faba bean, pigeon

bean, tick bean,

horse bean, field

bean, windsor bean

Chromosome number : n = 6

Bete, Bekang, Behlawi, Bepui, Behliang

leh Be chi dang dang mizote hian kan chingin

kan ei ]hin a. Tun ]umah hian be chi khat tui

tak mai, Manipur, Nagaland, Assam leh India

ram hmun dang heng Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,

Punjab, Haryana leh Himalaya tlang bul]hut

vela an chin ]hin chanchin hi lo tarlang ila.

Mizo ]awnga a hming kan neih ve hrih loh

avangin faba bean tiin sawi mai ila.

Bible a II Samuela 17:29 ah khan

Davida, a fapa Absaloma laka a tlanchhiat

laiin an eitur pekte zingah faba bean hi a tel

a, (1000 BC) Tin, Ezekiela'n (580 BC)

chawnghei laia eitur eiphal zingah a tarlang

bawk.

Heti taka thlai upa tawh si hi Mizote

hian kan la hmelhriat velo hle mai. I ching

uar ve ngei ang u. Enkawl vak ngai lovin kan

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

]henawm State-ah an shing nasa asin. A man

pawh Kg khatah Rs. 60/- a]anga Rs. 80/- daih

a ni. A chinchin tlangpui han inhmelhriat tir

ila.

A thlai pianhmang: Be dang ang lo takin ngil

takin a ding a, 60 cm a]anga 160 cm a sang

lai a ni thei. Hnah a ngah ang reng hle. A kung

chhung hi a kawrawng bawk. A kung hi a

dawng deuh nguakin kil li a nei. A zungte hi

an darh sung a, tin, bawk te reuh te te

(nodules) a awm thliah thliah ]hin. A hnah

chu bial tung deuh a niin hnah peng (leaflets)

5 a]anga 6 a nei, a hnah rawng hi a hring nain

a varin a kap tel bawk. A par rawng chu a var

a ni a. A bekawm te hi an nel thep a, 4 cm

a]anga 5 cm a sei vel niin Mu phek deuh thler

4 a]anga 6 vel a pai ]hin.

A chin hun : Chin hma lutuk emaw chin tlai

luluk emaw a ]ha lo. October kar hmasa bera

chin hi a hlawk ber niin a lang. Haryana

Agriculture University, Hissar a research an

beihnaah chuan faba bean-te hi an chin tlai

deuh chuan thar chhuah zat hi zaah 6, 13.6

leh 29.3 in a tlahniam thei niin an

hmuchhuak.

Engvangin nge kan chin ve ang ?

Faba bean hian Protein zaah 24 a]anga

31 a pai. Tin, Legume a ni a, Urea pek vak

ngai lovin Nitrogen amah leh amah a

intodelh a ni. Urea, Ammonium Sulphate, etc

kan tih ho hi Nitrogen vek an ni a.

Atmosphere (Van boruak) ah khian Nitrogen

tam lam hi 78% vel a ni a. A awmzia chu ram

acre khat hual chhunga nitrogen tam lam hi

35,000 ton a nih laiin a chung zawn boruaka

Nitrogen awm zat chu 4,000,000,000,000

metric ton vel a ni. Mahse, hei hi thlai tan a

chhawr theih loh, a chhan chu Nitrogen cycle

a kal tlang phawt loh chuan thlaiin a hip lut

thei lo a ni. Ruahsur dawna ]ek a tlak hian

van boruaka Nitrogen tlem a zawng a rawn

deng thla a, chu chauh chu an chhawr ]angkai

thei a ni. Leia awmsa Nitrogen-te lah hi

thlaiin a chhawr vek thei bawk si lova. Hei

vang hian Urea, etc. te pek belh an ngai ]hin.

Amaherawhchu, tunlai khawvelah chemical

hman tamte kan lo hlau ta zel bawk nen,

legume thlai ho, (bekawm nei) mahnia

nitrogen an zung bawka insiam chawp thei te

hi chin uar an ngai ta a ni. Tin, leiah Nitrogen

an hnutchhiah kha a dawt leh a thlaite tan a

]angkai hle.

Hman ]angkainate : A zikno hi Salad leh

chawhmeh atan an hman theih. A rahno hi

chawhmeh atan an ei ]hin. A rahro hi badam

angin an kangro a an ei ]hin. Mediterranean

tuipui kam vela chengte chuan soup siam nan

an hmang ]hin. Tin, tualchher damdawiah a

]ha hle bawk. India ramah hian Hindu an tam

deuh ber a, Sa eilo hi mi tam zawk an ni. Sa ei

hovin protein kan dawn ang an dawn ve loh

avangin faba bean hian he protein mamawh

na hi a phuhruk thei. State pawna hralh

chhuah tham kan thar theih chuan a hlawk

viauin a rinawm.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

A chin dan :

1) Lei buatsaih dan : Hnim leh buarte

thenfai hnuin lei ]ha taka cheh phut dap tur a

ni.

Bawngek/arek ]awih ]ha tak hactare

khatah ton 5 vel chinna tur lei nena

chawhpawlh tur a ni.

2) Rhizobium : A chi a ]iah that theih nan

chin hmain darkar 12 vel tuiah chiah tur a ni.

Rhizobium diak tawk chauhin chin dawnin

kut hmanga chawhpawlh tur a ni (20g/kg

khat zelah). Hemi hnu hian daihlimah dah ro

tur a ni a. Chin zui nghal tur an ni.

3) Chin dan tur : Hactare khatah Kg 80 chin

tur an ni. Lei chunglang a]anga 4cm a thukah

chin tur a ni a. Tin, thlai inkar hlat zawng

30cm x 20cm nise. Chin zawh veleh leia

chhilh leh tur an ni.

4) Thlawhfai hun : Chin a]anga ni 25 ah

tuthlawhin hnim lo ]o te tih fai tur a ni. Chin

a]anga ni 7 velah thlai chi ]o lo an awm

chuan chungte chu chin ]hat leh tur an ni a,

Ni 60 vela upa an nihin a hmun thlawhfai leh

tur a ni.

5) Tuipek dan : Tui a tlem berah vawithum

tal hneh taka pek tur a ni. A hmasa ber chu a

par hmain, a vawihnihna a par dawn hnaihin,

a vawithumna chu bekawm a insiam ]an laiin

nise, hei aia tam kan pek theih chuan a ]ha

hle. Amaherawhchu, bekawm nei chi ho hi

tuipek nasat lutuk loh an ]ha zawk.

6) Thlai venhimna : Foot rot disease lak a

venhim nan Carben dazim@2g/tui litre khat

nena kah tur a ni.

Tin, vual chi khat, cut worm laka ven

nan chhorpyriphos 20 EC @2.5ml/tui litre

khat nen hman tur a ni.

Be kawm ei chi rannung, Pod borer

laka venna Monocrotophos@2ml/tui litre

khatah hman tur a ni bawk.

7) A seng dan : March-April velah seng theih

a ni. A puitlin rual loh avangin ]um hnih ]um

thum vel seng an ngai ]hin.

Lei hrulah ah thluk tur a ni a, hemi hnu

hian lo ah a ro thleng an dah ]hin a, a ro

hnuin a kawr khehin a mu an la chhuak ]hin.

A kung hi ran chawah pawh an hmang ]hin.

Ngaihtuah zui atan :

He thlai hi ]henawm State Manipur leh

Nagaland-ah te a lar hle mai a, Mizoram Sik

leh sa hi a nuam zawk hle si a, a thar hlawk

thei em tih enchhinnate hi neih theih nise. A

lo ]ha ta hle a nih chuan hralh chhuah tham

law lawin chin nise a tih chi viau ang.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

ENG NGE KAN CHIN ANG

Changkima

Progressive Farmer, Zawlpui.

Zoram zimte hi pian dan danglam taka piang a ni a, khawvela thlai zawng zawng hi a

chin theih a, tin, kawr ruamte hi pawh char vek nise ram zau tak niin Bangladesh khu a khuh

zo hial ang. Kan ram hi Buh chinga eizawnna atan Pathianin min pek a ni lo tih chu a chiang

maiin ka hria a. Mi nuai sawm pahnih ei khawp thar theihna chauh ram zawl min pe a, a bak hi

chu Horticulture atana min pek niin a lang. Khawvawt leh khaw luma chin ]hin chi zawng

zawng kan ching thei vek a ni.

Chutianga khawvel thil to leh a loa

kan awm theih loh chin theihna ram ni si a,

engah nge kan thlai chinte hi hausak nan kan

hman loh? A chhan ber ni a lang ta chu

khawvel ram hrang hrang a]angin thlai chin

tur (duplicate) kan la a, Pathianin Zoram,

Lalpa zawnchhuah rama, kan chin pun tur a

hli a dah, Khawvel ram danga a dah ve loh te

hi chin punna chang hre tawh ila chuan

Tuifinriat ral Ramte hmelhriat thamin

zoram hi a awm ngei ang. Chung theite chu

World Market pawha hnawng ngai lo an ni

nghal bawk a, Chung te chu –

1. Hatkora : Hei hi ram Ser]awk, Pathianin

Zoramah chauh a dah a ni a. Hatkora huan

nei ]ha fe chu an rethei ngai tawh lo. A pil

ringawt hian Arab ramte kan chawm zo lo a

nih ber tak hi. Pathian min pek thei chin

nachang hriate chuan Malsawmna an dawng

ta ngei mai zawng a nih hi. Phaia chin chi a

ni.

2. Vawm : Vawm hi a engkimah Grape nen

damlamna a awm lo. Khawvela Grape tui ber

a nih a rinawm. Tlang sangah Pathianin min

dah sak a, thingbukte bawh khat lukin

favangah kan lo ]hin. Israel-te chuan nau

bawrh then nan Grape hrui kual chhungah

nau piang thar an la lut ]hin a, kan Pi pute

pawhin Grape hrui an neih loh avangin

vawm hrui ro keng zelin Vawm hrui kual

chhungah nau an la lut ]hin.

He vawm (Grape) hian hnim leh

ramngaw a pawisa lo a, kung khatah quintal

khat lai a rah thei ang. Hei hi chin pun

nachang kan hriat hunah chuan kan rethei

hauh lo ang. Pathianin Zorama thlai min dah

sak a ni.

3. Theiria : Hei hi thingkung lian thei tak a

ni a, kan ]henawm State leh khawvel ram

dangah hian a awm lo niin a lang.

Theirehmin hi a dumpawl a ni a, a hnuaia

Tarpoline pharhin han sawi thla ta ila, Jam-

ah a ]inin han siam ta ila, a rawng hi en

ringawt pawha ei chakawm ngawih ngawih

a ni a. Hotel changkang dawhkana han set

ngat phei chuan khawvel chil ti put thei tur

hmel a pu a. A man zawng a tlawm lovang

tih hriat sa a ni. Zo-ah leh phaia chin theih a

ni.

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2003

Khawvel thei, chu mi ramah an ching

hmasa ber tih mai mai duplicate theite hi

ching lova, Pathianin kan rama a hli a dah,

overseas Market pawha hnawng ngai lo tur,

a original ngat hi chinna chang hre tawh ila

chuan zoram kut hnathawktute chu kan

rethei rei hauh lo ang le. Pathianin heng thei

min pekte hi a cial ngat an ni si a, Israel ang

khan Horticulture, Agriculture Officer-te

hian “Lalpa eng nge kan beram tur chu, eng

nge kan Grape tur chu" tiin han ]awng]ai teh

u, heng hi a chhanna chu ni maiin a rinawm.

NIPUI LAIA PURUN CHIN DAN

Lalrinsangi

B.Sc. (Agri.), M.Sc(Agro. Forestry)

Extension Seciion, Dte. of Agri.

Purun hming : Agrifound Dark red :

He Purun chi hi Government of India-

in a siamchhuah leh nipui laia rampuma chin

theih tura a siam a ni. Hemi chi hi India ram

hmun hrang hranga nipui laia chin theih

tura recommend a ni bawk. A bul bawk hi a

sen duk bik a, a bial sawl deuhin, a muk ]ha

a, a rim pawh a na lutuk lo. Chin ]anga Ni

140-145 ah an puitling thei a, hectare

khatah quintal 275-300 a thar theih.

Chin hun : Purun chi hi June thlaah chin tur

a ni, hectare khat atan 8-10 kg a ngai.

A ]iak enkawl dan: Purun chi hi lei chhun

pawn (raised seed bed) ah kûi tur a ni a., Lei

chhun pawn sang zawng hi chinna hmun tur

a zir leh ruahtui tlak dan a zira tih hniam a

tih san mai tur a ni. Purun chi kûina tur bik

hi 15-20 cm vela sanga lei chhun pawn tur a

ni a. Chubaikah 30 cm vela zauvin tui luanna

tur khuar siam kual tur a ni bawk. Hei hi

ruahtui tlak tam laiin tui tam lutuk paih nan

a ]angkai a, khawro laiin hemi khur hi tui

pek nan a hman leh theih bawk. Thlai chi

chinna tura lei kan chhun pawn sir te chu

uluk takin kan siam rem tur a ni. Lei kan

chhun pawn chu 70-75 cm a zau nise, a sei

zawng chu a rem chan dan angin 3-5 km a

sei ni bawk se. Seed bed kan siam zawh,

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

hnuah kan lei chhun pawna a chung lam

(2-3 cm) chu (F.Y.M) lei]haa khuh tur a ni.

Purun chi chu 5-7 cm inkar hlata chin tur a

ni a, 1-1

𝟏

𝟐

cm aia thukah a chi hi thlak loh

tur. Purun chite chu lei]ha in rual tak leh pan

takin phul leh tur a ni.

Seed bed hi hnah ro emaw buhpawlin

an lo ]iah hmain khuh tur a ni a, an lo ]iah

veleh a khuhna hi lak sawn vat tur a ni. Seed

bed hi a ro loh nan tui ]ha taka pek tur a ni.

Natna hrik te ruahsur lai hian an awm duh

hle a, hemi ven nan hian Purun chi kg khat

chu Thiram emaw Captan 2-3 gm in pawlh

tur a ni a, kan chinna tur lei pawh square

meter khat zelah Captan/Thiram 5 in kan

chawhpawlh bawk tur a ni (Purun chi pack

te hi damdawia sawngbawlsa an nih chuan a

ngailo a ni). Purun kan chinna tur lei chu

Thiram/Captan 0.2 % (2 gm/tui litre khat)

in nili danah kan ti huh bawk ang a, natna a

awm tamna hmunah chuan hetiang

damdawia lei tih huh hi tih zin deuh tur a ni.

Hnim te leh bawlhhlawh te a khat tawkin

tihfai tur a ni bawk. Purun ]iak te hi kar 6-7

hnuah an phun sawn theih a, ruahsur nasa

lutuk lakah heng thlai ]iak tirte hi venhim a

pawimawh a, a chung zarhliahin a ven theih

a, mahse, hei hian hnawng nasa lutuk leh

lum lutuk a siam theih avangin natna a

thleng duh bik a, 75% thleng thlai ]iak a

tichhe thei a ni. Chuvangin ruhsur nasat lai

chauhva a chung zarhliah tur a ni.

Phunsawnna tur hmun siam dan :

Purun phunna tur chu vawi tam tak a lei leh

a, fel taka ]hen a, tuihawk luanna tur te siam

vek tur a ni. A phunna tur hmun hi a zau

zawng 1.25-1.50 m vel a ni tur a ni.

Phunsawn hma karkhatah F.Y.M/Compost

50 tons hectare khatah ]ha taka lei nen

chawhpawlh a ]ha. Tin, phunsawn hma

nikhat emaw nihnihah Calcium ammonium

nitrate 200 kg emaw Urea 100 kg leh S.S.P

300 Kg leh Potassium Sulphate 100 kg

emaw Murate of Potash 100 kg te hectare

khatah pawlh tur a ni. Heng lei]hate pawlh

zawh hnu hian lei chu rual taka siam leh tur

a ni.

Phunsawn : Purun ]iakte chu August thla

laihawl vela phunsawn a, 15 cm a kar hlata

tlar siamin thlai ]iak phun karhlat lam chu

10 cm a ni bawk tur a ni. Phunsawn veleh tui

pek leh vat tur a ni. Phunsawn laia tui an

tlakchham chuan Purunte hi an thi duh bik.

Enkawl zui dan : Purun hi lei chhunga

insiam an nih avangin lei chawhphutin thuk

lutuka chawh loh tur, an tet deuh laiin vawi

2-3 hnim thlawhfai an mamawh a, fur laia

chin an nih avangin hnim lakah ven ngun an

ngai bik a, hnim hlo Stomp hi phunsawn

laiin hectate khatah 3.5 litre hman a ]ha.

Hnim hlo hman chuan phunsawn a]anga Ni

40-45 ah hlo thlawh a ngai ]hin.

Ruahtui a tlak loh chuan August-

October thla chhung Ni 8-10 kar danah tui

pek tur. Purun chinna hmun lei hi vaivut chi

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

deuh lei a nih chuan Ni 3 danah tui pek tur a

ni. Purun lei chhunga a lo insiam ]an lai hian

hneh taka tui pek tur a ni a, hetih hun

chhunga tui an hmuh ]hat loh chuan Purun a

insiam ]ha thei lovin tharchhuah a tlem duh

bik a ni.

Hectare khatah Urea 100 kg chu

vawihnih thlakhat danah pek tur a ni, a nih

loh chuan CAN hectare khatah 200 kg hman

a ]ha.

Natna leh Rannung laka ven dan :

Purunte rannung laka venhim nan tui litre

750 ah Malathion 750 ml emaw Monocro-

tophos 375 ml pawlh a, karhnih danah kah

tur a ni. Chubakah Sandovit 450 ml emaw

triton pawlh a ]ha bawk.

Natna laka ven nan chuan Dithane

M-45 2.5 kg emaw kavach 2 kg hectare

khatah karhnih dana kah bawk tur a ni.

Heng bakah hian Sandavit 450 ml/hactare

emaw triton pawlh bawk a ]ha a, Purun seng

hma Ni 20 a]angin damdawi te hian kah

tawh loh tur a ni.

Purun seng leh a enkawl dan :

Purunte hi pum ]ha taka insiam tur chuan

thla 3 - 3

𝟏

𝟐

an ngai a, November-December

ah an lo insiam puitling tawh a, mahse, khaw

vawh avangin an ro ]ha lo thei a, hei vang

hian Purun tharchhuahte chu ni reilote nisaa

phova, chumi hnuah a hnahte tan chhum tur

a ni. 2.5 cm vel a hnah bul zuah tel a ]ha.

Purun te hi chawh tlai lutuk a hlauhawm ve

thei a, hei hian a ti thawp ve thei a ni. Purun

chawh hma Ni 10 atangin tui pek tawh loh

tir a ni. Purun thar hnua chhe leh maite ven

nan Purun phunsawn hnu Ni 75 ah Maleic

hydrazide 2000-2500 ppm pek leh kan

chawh hma Ni 10-15 vel a]anga tui pek loh

hian nasa takin a ]anpui a ni. Chumi bakah

purunte a hnahte nena nisaa pho hmasak

phawta a hnahte an ro hnu chauh a dah ]hat

hian, hun rei tak chhe lovin a dah ]hat theih

a ni.

A tlangpuiin hetianga purun enkawl

hian hectare khatah 200-250 qlts. a thar

theih a ni.

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

INDEGENOUS SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

PRACTICES AND AGRONOMIC MEASURES FOR LAND

RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Shri. K. KAR

Kulikawn, Mizoram

Soil erosion is a Problem affecting on-farm land. Soil erosion causes loss of valuable

moisture and nutrients every year from our mountain and results formation of fertile-soil in

the flood plains of Bangladesh, Myanmar & neighbouring States. The topsoil is washed away

leading to decline the Crop yields. Downstream River, Lakes, Tanks become silted and thus

reduces their capacity of Water holding, Soil erosion cost farmers and Community of forture.

Information is scarce about the actual cost of Soil erosion and the implications for future

welfare, if Soil is allowed to degrade at a given rate. The Government is placing priority

through various Schemes and Projects of number of development agencies on measures to

control soil and water erosion every year. Now the time is ahead to quantify or assess how

much topsoil we able to arrest through our efforts in our land for the sustainable gain.

Perhaps, increase trend in production and productivity of our land may be the indicator in our

assessment process.

Farmers in our land have developed

effective, indigenous SWC practices. These

indigenous knowledge systems for soil

conservation practices evolved in response

of Agro-climatic, ecological and economic

conditions. Understanding locally prevalent

soil and water conservation (SWC)

indigenous practices and their adoptions are

important for planners and implementers of

sustainable development.

PREVALENT INDIGENOUS SWC

PRACTICES

Indegenous SWC-practices for our climatic

conditions :

a) For low rainfall, Hilly areas :

1) Gully control:

Stone checks on boundary to Harvest

soil.

2) Run off disposal:

Stone bunds/check dam/Anicert.

3) Water harvesting:

Farm ponds Tanks.

4) Moisture Conservation:

Stone mulching, inter culture.

5) Soil Conservation :

Stone bunds on the boundary.

b) For low or medium rainfall areas :

1) Gully Control :

Stone checks to stabilize Gullies.]

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

2) Run of disposal :

Field to field through stone Waste weirs,

boundary water way, nulas.

3) Water Harvesting :

Percolation tank, Farm Ponds,

Community tanks.

4) Moisture Conservation :

Short-term following.

5) Soil Conservation :

Field bunds with waste weirs,

Field drains with waste weirs, Mulching.

c) For high rainfall (Moderate) :

1) Gully control :

Stone checks on boundary to harvest

soil and reclaim gullies.

2) Run off disposal :

Boundary waterways.

3) Water harvesting :

Farm Ponds, Community tanks.

4) Moisture Conservation :

Inter culture operation.

5) Soil Conservation :

Field bunds with Conservation drains,

pit digging at down slip, grass at boundaries.

d) High Rainfall, Hilly areas :

1) Gully control :

Stone checks on boundary to harvest soil

2) Run off disposal :

Boundary waterways.

3) Water harvesting :

Farm Ponds, Tank (Peroration).

4) Moisture conservation :

Inter culture operation.

5) Soil conservation :

Stone bunds on the boundary (across

the major slope).

Soil and Water Conservation (SWC)

measures in our integrated watershed

development programmes should be based

on existing indigenous knowledge system.

The methods invariable be based on the

local field conditions. To achieve maximum

output and impact for our sustainable land

development our watershed programme

should be flexible to include indigenous and

recommended scientific practices.

The following points need to be

followed in view regarding indigenous SWC

practices :

1) Farmers/Cultivators objectives and

preferences in site specific area regarding

SWC measures should be clearly understood

to that designed action plan is more

appropriate and acceptable.

2) SWC measures with maximum cost

effectiveness should be adopted. Heavy

investment in private lands can never be

propagated.

3) Programme should be planned and

implemented in full participation with

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

- 37 -

-

Mountain farmers in order to identify, in

advance, acceptable and unacceptable

measures.

4) Education and training regarding

usefulness and effectiveness of scientific

practices (IKS) and acceptaance of scientific

techniques should be avoided.

5) A comprehensive mix of indigenous and

appropriate techniques should be worked

but while finalizing the action plan.

The problem encountered in execution

of SWC measures in our Mountain :

1) Non-involvement and Non-participation

of traditional Institution at grass root level

in planning & execution of SWC measures.

2) Faulty site selection for SWC measures.

3) Time framework and space framework

regarding S WC measures execution ignored

in our Mountain.

4) Undue importance to continuous

trenches deviations in the contour levels

may results in damages causing run off and

soil erosion.

5) Ignoring integration of all relevant SWC

strategies like agronomic and mechanical

measures on ogriculture and non-

agriculture lanss, water management,

conservation forestry techniques in right

and holistic perspective. Generally, undue

emphasis is given on one aspect ignoring

others.

6) Overlooking ground water artificial

recharge and management.

7) More importance given to PPR

development as compares to CPR

development and management.

8) Tendency to promote bio-mass ignoring

biodiversity. Selected and few species of

fodder and plants are promoted.

9) Cost-benefit analysis and social or

technical evaluation systems are yet to be

built in.

10) Neglecting regular maintenance and

repairs of SWC structures.

11) Strategies to change land use (like Agro-

forestry, Agro-horticulture, Silvipasture

development) are not dully emphasized.

12)Neglecting equitable distribution and

sustainability of SWC structures..

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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AGRONOMIC MEASURES FOR SOIL

AND WATER CONSERVATION :

Soil and Water Conservation agronomy

is as important as mechanical measures.

Contour bunding or bench terracing are

commonly adopted on agricultural lands of

soil and water conservation. Generally,

speaking, Soil Conservation agronomic

practices are second line defense against soil

erosion. Mechanical or Engineering

measures are first line of defense to arrest

soil erosion. Soil Conservation agronomic

Practices have to be essentially considered

in Co-ordination with other measures.

Agronomic Practices for Soil & Water

Conservation helps to :-

1) Intercept raindrops and reduce the splash

effects, erosion, increase infiltration.

2) Obtain better intake of Water rate by soil,

by improving the content of the organic

matter and soil structure.

3) Retard and reduce the overload run off

and.

4) Maintain INSITU Moisture.

Crop management practices are

important means of Soil and Water

Conservation in our land. The best Crop

Management is the most intensive and

productive use of the land without causing

degradation. It was suggested by Scientist

Hudson (1957) that the Crop Management

Specifications for good erosion control are

exactly the same as for maximum

production and profit.

The effect of Crop Management factor ‘C’

can be visualized by the use of Universal Soil

Loss Equation (USLE) for preventing soil

loss.

A=RKLSCP

The factor of rainfall erosibity (R) and

soil erodibility (K) are controlled only by

manure. The factor length (L) Slope (S) and

Management (P) may have varies values of 1

under the worst conditions and at most be

reduced to 0.50 through ideal soil and water

conservation measures. The effectiveness of

Crop Management, the soil loss from the

problem area can be reduced to 1/50th of

its pretreatment value. It can easily be

stated that a Conservation of agronomic

practice is 10 to 25 times more effective

than other factors.

The Agronomic measures for Soil &

Water Conservation depends on various

factors/components as :

a) Choice of Crops :

Erosion permitting Crops or erosion

resistant Crops.

b) Use of cover Crops :

Crop canopy the cover crop. The soil loss

is governed by the amount of exposed land

surface, Good Crop cover or canopy gives a

protective Umbrella to the land.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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c) Root factors :

Plant roots are best binding factors of

Soil Grasses. Legumes have immense role in

improvement of Soil structures and help in

bingding of Soil particles.

d) Land preparation :

It influances intake rainwater,

obstruction to surface flow and rate of soil

erosion, appropriate technique sustainable

to site condition will reduce soil & water

erosion.

e) Sowing time :

Sowing date and correct seed rates are

the backbone for a good stand and Crop

Cover.

Proper time selection for sowing will

leads for higher production and protection.

f) Contour Farming :

Contour Farming reduces soil loss &

conserve moisture (rain fed), conserve soil

fertility and increase crop yields. On step

slopes under high rainfall conditions,

contour farming alone can cause more harm

than benefits. This will be breakage of ridges

and as the water flows downwards,

cumulative flow increases.

This may cause serious gully formations.

Under such situations, the contour farming

should be supplemented by other measures

like terracing or bunding.

g) Strip Cropping :

It consists of growing strips of various

types of crops. In strip cropping included

numerous agronomic practices that prevent

erosion, build up soil fertility and improve

the land capability.

h) Crop Geometry :

Optimum plant population and cropo

geometry are equally important to have

optimum crop cover. Denser plant popula-

tion may be better from SWC point of view.

i) Mulching :

Mulching of opened land surface is

achieved by spreading stubble, trash or any

other vegetation. The objective of mulching

are to :

i) Minimize splash influence of raindrop.

ii) Reduce evaporation.

iii) Increase absorption of rainfall.

iv) Obstruct surface flow, retarding erosion.

v) Reduce excessive heating.

vi) Allow micro-biological changes to occur

at optimum temperature.

j) Mixed Cropping :

Mixed Cropping is a practice growing

more than one mixed crop in the field

simultaneously. Mixed cropping results into

continuous and better cover of the land, god

protection from the beating action of the

rain, almost complete protection against soil

erosion and the assurance one or more

crops to the farmer.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

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AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

The roots of various species in a mixed

crop fixed at different depths in the soil.

k) Organic manures & green manures

This is not only supply plant food

elements like fertilizers but also helps in

improving soil's physical condition.

l) Crop residue management :

Crops residues, which are generally left

in the field after harvesting, can have

tremendous influance of Soil & Water Con-

servation. Crop residues acts as a barrier for

soil erosion and water run off.

m) Grass :

Inclusions of grasses in crop rotation can

be proved to reduce soil loss.

n) Vegetative hedges & buffers (A gave,

vativer, Ipomoea, Cymeopogh).

This may be placed on existing field

bunds and are having role for Soil & Water

Conservation.

The Soil and Water Conservation

practices couple with construction of

rainwater harvesting structures of in-situ-

conservation, agronomic measures as stated

should be extended in our integrated

watershed project areas (IWDP),

INTODELHNA Project areas, JFM areas.

These efforts would not only assist in SWC

but also will enhance the production and

productivity of our land towards sustainable

gain for the well being ofour Mountain

People.

The paper on the subject “Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation practices and agronomic

measures for land resource development” have been contributed on the occasion of “land

resource conservation week” from 14

th

Nov. to 20

th

Nov. 2003 by Shri K. Kar, M. Hyd (watershed

management), Deputy Conservator of Forest, working at present Divisional Forest Officer, Forest

Protection Division, Environment & Forest Department, Mizoram, Aizawl.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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KEIMAHNI

‘A’ PROMOTION ETC:

1. Pu Rohmingthanga Colney, SDAO Champhai chu D.A.O Champhaiah a kaisang a, kan

lawmpui em em a ni.

2. Heng kan thawhpui SAS-II te hi SAS-I ah an kaisang a, kan lawmpui em em a ni:

i. Pu Lalramliana AEO Thingdawl Circle

ii. Pu Kapnghilhlova AEO Directorate of Agriculture & M.I, Aizawl.

iii. Pu Zosangzuala AEO DAO Office, Champhai.

‘B’ TRANSFER & POSTING :

Sl.No. Name & Designation Place of Transfer & Posting

1. Pu Laithanzuala, SDAO SDAO Lunglei.

Bilkhawthlir

2. Pu Zoramthanga, SDAO SDAO, Bilkhawthlir

Lunglei

3. Pi Lalthanpuii, Assistant R.D. Secretariate.

Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl.

‘C’ PENSION :

1. Pu R. Thansanga, Director of Agriculture (R&E) chuan ram leh Agriculture Department

tan a hnathawh chhuah tam tak leh ]ha tak takte a hnutchhiah hnuin Ni 31.12.2003 khan

pension in min lo chhuahsan ta a, amah hi kan ui em em a ni. ‘Zoram Loneitu’ hming

chherchhuak a, ]hahnemngai taka loneitute chhiar tur buatsaih saktu a ni a, AGOSA

dinchhuaktu leh AGOSA President hun rei tak lo ni tawh a ni bawk.

2. Pu C. Lalrinliana, AEO, DAO Office, Aizawl chu Ni 31.12.2003 khan pension in min

chhuahsan ta bawk. Agriculture Department tan a theihtawpa Kum 40 chuang hna lo thawktu

a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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‘D’ SUNNA :

Heng kan thawhpuite hian vanduaithlak takin min lo boralsan ta a, anmahni kan ngai

em em a. An chhungte kan tuarpui em em a ni. Pathianin thlamuanin awmpui zel se kan duh a

ni.

1. Pu Robuanga (Buangpuia) Group ‘D’ Directorate of Agriculture & Minor irrigation

(21.10.2003)

2. Pu R. Ronghaka, AAI, DAO Office, Aizawl (3.12.2003)

3. Pu Lalchhawna, Group ‘D’, D.A.O Office, Aizawl.(7.12.2003)

4. Pu B. Saizinga, VFA, ITC Hnahthial (12.12.2003)

‘E’ PAWIMAWH DANG :

1. AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT-IN MINISTER THAR KAN NEI :

Agriculture Department chuan Minister thar - Pu H. Rammawi kan nei ta a; kan Minister thar

hian ]an lak a tum hle a. Mizoram ei leh bara kan lo intodelh theihna turin thawktute, loneitu

ten ]an lak uar sauh sauh a ]ul dawn a ni.

2. Pi Lalparliani chuan Agriculture Secretariat-ah Under Secretary hna a rawn zawm thar

ta bawk.

3. NATIONAL LAND RESOURCE CONSERVATION WEEK :

Ni 14.11.2003 - 20.11.2003 inkar chhung khan National Land Resource Conservation

Week Mizoram pumpuiah hman a ni. Ni 14.11.2003 (11 :00 A.M) khan Agriculture Conference

Hall-ah Week hawnna Function neih a ni a, Pu Aichhinga, Agriculture Minister-in a hawng a ni.

He week hawnna inkhawmah hian Agriculture Department a]ang te, Horticulture Department

a]ang te, A.H & Vety Department ]ang te, Soil & Water Conservation Department a]ang tein

Officers leh Staffte an lo kal khawm a, Agriculture Commissioner - Pu R. K. Thanga'n he

function hi a kaihruai a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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-

Agriculture Districts leh Sub-Division-ah te he week hman ]angkai theih dan inzirtir in,

Banner, Mizoram pumpuiah tar a ni. He National Land Resource Conservation Week thupui

(theme) chu “Our Land, Our Future”, tih a ni.

4. EXCHANGE VISIT OF FARMERS TOUR :

Mizorama Progressive Farmers thlan chhuahte chu Officers fel tak tak ten hruaiin

Exchange Visit of Farmers Tour an nei a. He Exchange visit of Farmers Tour Programme hi

Govt. of lndia bultum leh pawisa min rawn peka neih a ni. Exchange Visit of Farmers Tour

neihna hmun te chu :

1. Meghalaya

2. Sikkim

3. Arunachal Pradesh

Exchange Visit of Farmers Tour-a kalte hian nuam an tiin, Agriculture lama hmasawnna

tur an chharchhuak ]ha hle a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU Oct. – Dec. 2003

2003

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